Science & Technology in News — June 2026

309 science & tech, for Prelims revision. Each links to its full note.

Schemes Places Reports & indices Environment & species Acts & bills International organisations Institutions & bodies Constitution Persons & appointments

AI-powered smart glasses: Wearable devices integrating artificial intelligence for augmented reality (AR) and data collection. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR): A nuclear reactor that produces more fissile material than it consumes. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Copper-chlorine thermochemical cycle: A method for hydrogen production that uses heat rather than electricity. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Directed Energy Weapons (DEW): Systems that use concentrated electromagnetic energy (lasers, microwaves) to damage targets. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Rare-earth minerals: Essential components for high-tech electronics and green energy technologies. · 30 Jun · GS2 · note
Ecological thresholds: Limits beyond which an ecosystem cannot recover from environmental stress or resource depletion. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is frequently deployed for disaster management and evacuation in inaccessible mountainous regions of Northeast India. · 30 Jun · GS1 · note
India is developing indigenous AI models to ensure strategic autonomy in critical technologies. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Fractional Investing: Allows investors to purchase a portion of a share rather than a full unit, lowering the entry barrier for high-value global stocks. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Tunguska Event: A massive atmospheric explosion in Siberia on June 30, 1908. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test): A mission designed to test kinetic impactors to deflect asteroids. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
AI Ecosystem: Includes critical minerals, hardware, and advanced large-scale models · 30 Jun · GS2 · note
Project Kusha: India's long-range air defence system development. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
AGNI series: India's series of Intermediate-Range and Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Netra: An Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW&C) developed by DRDO. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
AMCA: Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, a key project for indigenous fighter jet development. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Virtual production and AI are identified as key technological drivers for the film industry · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
RPA: Remotely Piloted Aircraft (drones) are used for aerial surveillance and real-time intelligence gathering. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Darknet and cryptocurrency are increasingly used by traffickers to anonymize transactions and bypass traditional banking oversight. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
Avionics refers to the electronic systems used on aircraft and spacecraft to navigate, communicate, and control the vehicle. · 30 Jun · GS3 · note
The report identifies the use of drones and quadcopters as specific tools used in targeting civilian populations. · 29 Jun · GS2 · note
Operation Sindoor: A counter-terrorism operation conducted by the Indian Army in Kashmir. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Hackcore 2026: A national AI hackathon focused on agricultural technology. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Solar ingots and wafers are the primary upstream components in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD): A water-saving irrigation technique for rice that reduces methane emissions by periodically drying the soil. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
NEP 2020: National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes multilingualism and mother tongue instruction. · 29 Jun · GS2 · note
External Commercial Borrowings (ECB): Loans and other borrowing by Indian entities from non-resident lenders · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Adiabatic cooling: The process where moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea cool as they rise over the Western Ghats. · 29 Jun · GS1 · note
Social media monetization models (ads and subscriptions) are identified as drivers for illegal trade on digital platforms. · 29 Jun · GS2 · note
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS): A framework integrating traditional Indian wisdom with modern scientific research. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Copper Chlorine thermochemical process: A method to produce hydrogen using heat from nuclear reactors. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
C-17 Globemaster III: A large military transport aircraft used by the Indian Air Force for heavy-lift operations. · 29 Jun · GS2 · note
SoC (System-on-Chip): An integrated circuit that integrates all components of a computer or electronic system into a single chip. · 29 Jun · GS3 · note
Shubhanshu Shukla: First Indian to fly to the International Space Station (ISS) · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
Crew Dragon: The spacecraft used for the ISS mission mentioned in the text · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
CVPR: A premier international conference for computer vision and pattern recognition. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
CPU-only architecture: Used by LineShine to achieve self-sufficiency in high-performance computing · 28 Jun · GS2 · note
Wet-bulb temperature: The lowest temperature that can be reached by evaporating water; it determines the limit of human survivability in heat. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
Small hydel power projects are decentralized hydroelectric power generation units typically under 25 MW. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
Air defense systems: Integrated missile defense systems used by Gulf nations to counter aerial threats. · 28 Jun · GS2 · note
TSMC: A Taiwanese semiconductor foundry and the world's largest contract chipmaker. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
CHIPS Act: US legislation providing subsidies and tax credits to boost domestic semiconductor manufacturing. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
LC3: Limestone Calcined Clay Cement is a low-carbon alternative to traditional Portland cement. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are described as the 'brain' of electronic devices, essential for the semiconductor ecosystem. · 28 Jun · GS3 · note
Ukraine utilizes drone technology as a primary tool for long-range strikes against Russian infrastructure in Crimea · 28 Jun · GS2 · note
FDCs: Formulations containing two or more active ingredients in a single product. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
Aarogya Setu 2.0: A revamped digital public good serving as a personal health record and citizen-facing application. · 27 Jun · GS2 · note
Gaganyaan: India's first human spaceflight mission aimed at carrying a crew of three to an orbit of 400 km. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, a workhorse rocket of ISRO used for various satellite missions. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
NavIC: Navigation with Indian Constellation, India's independent regional satellite navigation system. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
Ebola: A viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus, currently causing an outbreak in Africa. · 27 Jun · GS2 · note
LPSC: ISRO center responsible for the development of liquid propulsion systems for space missions. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
GSLV Mk III: India's heavy-lift launch vehicle capable of carrying heavy payloads to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
IISU: ISRO unit focused on inertial sensors and space robotics for navigation and orientation. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
bOPV: Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine used to provide immunity against types 1 and 3 of the poliovirus. · 27 Jun · GS2 · note
Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): Mechanism to ensure fair distribution of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
GPT-5.6: A frontier AI model developed by OpenAI currently undergoing restricted testing. · 27 Jun · GS3 · note
IIT Pravartak: Technology innovation hub of IIT Madras involved in AI-based archaeological documentation. · 27 Jun · GS1 · note
C-17 Globemaster III: A large military transport aircraft used by the Indian Air Force for heavy-lift cargo and troop transport. · 27 Jun · GS2 · note
MOOC: Massive Open Online Courses are a primary tool for scalable digital higher education · 27 Jun · GS2 · note
PRL (Physical Research Laboratory) is a premier research institute in India focusing on space and geophysics. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
The technology simulates lightning phenomena specifically for planets like Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
JJM utilizes IoT (Internet of Things) systems for real-time water quality monitoring and distribution management. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Hydrogen fuel cell technology converts chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity to power the train's propulsion system. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Ozone Layer: Protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation · 26 Jun · GS1 · note
CRISPR-Cas9: A tool for precise genome editing that allows scientists to 'cut' and 'paste' DNA sequences. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Casgevy: The first CRISPR-based gene-editing therapy approved for sickle cell disease. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Fetal Haemoglobin: A type of haemoglobin produced during fetal development that is normally silenced after birth. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
AI infrastructure includes data centers and cloud computing services essential for large language models. · 26 Jun · GS2 · note
Digital sovereignty refers to a state's ability to control its own digital destiny and data infrastructure. · 26 Jun · GS2 · note
Short positions in government securities allow investors to profit from a decline in bond prices. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Mangroves are halophytic plants that act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and storm surges. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Fully Accessible Route (FAR) allows FPIs to invest in government bonds without a limit. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic and Mythos: Specific AI models mentioned in the context of technology security · 26 Jun · GS2 · note
Machine learning models are being used to provide granular, real-time AQI forecasts in Delhi. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic: A US-based AI safety and research company known for the Claude large language model. · 26 Jun · GS2 · note
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a complication of rheumatoid arthritis affecting lung tissue. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
TOP500: A global ranking of the world's fastest supercomputers based on floating-point performance. · 26 Jun · GS3 · note
DPI: Digital Public Infrastructure refers to the foundational digital layers (like UPI, Aadhaar, and DigiLocker) that enable various digital services. · 26 Jun · GS2 · note
Foundational Models: Large-scale AI models trained on massive datasets to perform a wide range of tasks. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
SHERLOC: A spectrometer instrument on NASA's Perseverance rover used to detect organic compounds. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
The plan includes scientific studies to assess food and water resources inside forest habitats · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
Deepfakes: Synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness using AI. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
Air Suvidha 2.0: A contactless digital portal for health screening at Indian points of entry. · 25 Jun · GS2 · note
Social Prescribing: A holistic approach where healthcare providers refer patients to non-clinical community services like social groups or volunteer networks. · 25 Jun · GS2 · note
Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory: A space telescope specifically designed to study gamma-ray bursts. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
LINK: A robotic spacecraft developed by NASA and Katalyst Space for satellite rescue and orbital maneuvering. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
NBFC: Non-Banking Financial Companies provide banking services without holding a full banking license. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
El Nino refers to the warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
Distillation Attack: A technique where a smaller model is trained to mimic the outputs of a larger, more complex model to replicate its capabilities. · 25 Jun · GS2 · note
eVTOL: Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing aircraft use distributed electric propulsion to take off and land vertically. · 25 Jun · GS3 · note
Chip-based e-passports are designed to reduce fraud risk and enhance global acceptance · 25 Jun · GS2 · note
Cyber-enabled financial crimes: Fraudulent activities leveraging digital payment gateways and UPI · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
Pehchaan App: A real-time credential verification tool for service providers like pony handlers and guides. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
BrahMos: A supersonic cruise missile developed through a joint venture between India (DRDO) and Russia. · 24 Jun · GS2 · note
Akashteer: An Indian-made air defence command-and-control network. · 24 Jun · GS2 · note
Value Capture Financing (VCF) is a model where infrastructure costs are recovered from the increase in land/property value. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
ISS: The International Space Station is a modular space station in low Earth orbit. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect: Phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to concrete and lack of vegetation. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
Super-app: A platform that integrates multiple services like messaging, payments, and e-commerce into a single interface. · 24 Jun · GS2 · note
ZAYNICH™: A novel antibiotic for treating resistant Gram-negative bacteria. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
LineShine: China's supercomputer that topped the TOP500 list in 2024. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
LINPACK Benchmark: A standard used to measure the computational performance of supercomputers. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
BS-VI fuel standards were implemented to reduce vehicular emissions in Delhi. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
Standby Letters of Credit: A guarantee provided by a bank to a seller that the buyer's payment will be covered if the buyer defaults · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
E100 refers to fuel containing 100% ethanol content. · 24 Jun · GS3 · note
El Niño: A climate pattern involving the warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
BrahMos: A supersonic cruise missile developed as a joint venture between India (DRDO) and Russia. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
TAMU-SPIRIT: A mission studying the effects of space radiation on plant genetics and crop resilience. · 23 Jun · GS3 · note
Focus areas include next-generation military technologies and joint resilience against disruptions · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
Lithium-ion batteries are the primary power source for current mass-market EVs · 23 Jun · GS3 · note
Permafrost: Ground that remains completely frozen for at least two consecutive years. · 23 Jun · GS3 · note
HOSA: A forum for space agencies of BRICS nations to coordinate on space exploration and sustainability. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
NATGRID: National Intelligence Grid, a multi-agency platform for real-time data fusion and intelligence sharing. · 23 Jun · GS3 · note
M777A2 is an Ultra-Light Howitzer used for artillery support. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
Apache helicopters are multi-role attack helicopters used by the Indian Army. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
El Niño: A climate pattern characterized by the warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean. · 23 Jun · GS3 · note
Frontier AI: Refers to next-generation AI systems with capabilities surpassing current industry expectations. · 23 Jun · GS2 · note
Derivatives: Financial contracts whose value is derived from underlying assets like metals, used primarily for hedging and speculation. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
E-waste hazards: Includes heavy metals (lead, mercury) and toxic chemicals released during dismantling. · 22 Jun · GS2 · note
Evapotranspiration: The process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and by transpiration from plants. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
Cryptocurrencies and Hawala networks are primary mechanisms used for laundering proceeds from cyber fraud. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Dunagiri: A stealth frigate equipped with advanced weapons systems. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Sandhayak: A hydrographic survey vessel designed for oceanographic and seabed surveys. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Agray: An anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft designed for countering submarine threats. · 22 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Dunagiri: A stealth frigate designed for high-speed and low-visibility operations. · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Sanshodhak: A specialized survey vessel for maritime mapping and research. · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
INS Agray: An anti-submarine warfare (ASW) craft designed to detect and neutralize underwater threats. · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD): A water treatment process designed to minimize or eliminate the release of wastewater into the environment · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
TDS: Total Dissolved Solids refers to the inorganic and organic substances dissolved in water, measured in mg/L or ppm · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
Ground-level ozone: A component of smog and a primary pollutant affecting respiratory health. · 21 Jun · GS2 · note
Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory: A NASA space observatory designed to detect and study gamma-ray and X-ray bursts. · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
Katalyst Space Technologies: An Arizona-based startup selected for the 'Link' spacecraft mission. · 21 Jun · GS3 · note
Defense-in-depth: A security strategy using multiple layers of defense to protect against unauthorized access or rogue behavior. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
AI Alignment: The process of ensuring AI systems' goals and behaviors match human values and intentions. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Google DeepMind: A subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. specializing in artificial intelligence research. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Dunagiri: An advanced stealth frigate equipped with BrahMos missiles and medium-range surface-to-air missile systems. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Sanshodhak: A survey vessel specifically designed for both coastal and deep-water hydrographic surveys. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Agray: An anti-submarine warfare (ASW) shallow water craft equipped with lightweight torpedoes and indigenous rocket launchers. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
LGSF (Light Gauge Steel Framing): A construction technology using cold-formed steel members to create prefabricated structures. · 20 Jun · GS2 · note
Geographical Indication (GI): A sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or reputation due to that origin. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicles) refers to vehicles that produce no tailpipe emissions, primarily EVs and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs): Includes cryptocurrencies and NFTs, currently regulated under the PMLA and monitored by the RBI. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
Aeolus mission: A NASA-contracted mission to Mars involving private spacecraft design. · 20 Jun · GS3 · note
The government plans to integrate immediate voice message alerts to beneficiaries upon fund credit. · 20 Jun · GS2 · note
DPI: A set of shared digital layers that allow for the seamless delivery of public services. · 20 Jun · GS2 · note
Dunagiri, Sanshodhak, and Agray are indigenously-built Indian Navy frontline platforms. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) refers to the sudden release of water from a lake formed by melting glaciers. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs): Includes cryptocurrencies and NFTs; currently regulated under tax laws but lack a comprehensive central banking framework. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Kolkata-class ships: A class of guided-missile destroyers operated by the Indian Navy. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
DNA-P: Phosphorus bound within the DNA of living microorganisms in soil. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Microbial activity is the primary driver of DNA-P cycling and soil fertility. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Quantum Reference Facility (QRF): A national testbed for testing cryogenic systems, vacuum engineering, and quantum control systems. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Cryogenic systems: Technologies used to produce extremely low temperatures required for quantum computing. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic: A US-based AI safety and research company. · 19 Jun · GS2 · note
App Store/Play Store: Digital distribution platforms where apps are hosted and regulated by platform-specific policies. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Variable Rate Repo (VRR): An RBI tool where banks borrow money from the RBI against securities at a floating interest rate. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) is the global forum for promoting cooperation in the nuclear field · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
DPR: Detailed Project Report is a comprehensive document outlining the technical and financial feasibility of a highway project. · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Data centers require intensive cooling systems to maintain hardware functionality during extreme heat · 19 Jun · GS3 · note
Mistral AI is a prominent French artificial intelligence company. · 18 Jun · GS2 · note
Fendouzhe: A deep-sea submersible used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the expedition. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
Data centers are critical infrastructure for hosting AI models and large-scale cloud computing. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
Telegram utilizes a cloud-based architecture and automated 'bots' to facilitate large-scale group communications. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic: An American AI safety and research company known for the Claude series of large language models. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic: A US-based AI safety and research company known for the Claude LLM series. · 18 Jun · GS2 · note
Export Controls: Regulatory measures used by the US to restrict the transfer of sensitive technologies, including high-end AI models. · 18 Jun · GS2 · note
SMRs (Small Modular Reactors): Nuclear reactors with a power capacity of up to 300 MW, designed for easier deployment and safety. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
MANAV: India's framework for human-centric AI development. · 18 Jun · GS2 · note
Encrypted messaging apps are identified as primary tools for clandestine communication and radicalization. · 18 Jun · GS3 · note
Drones were identified as the primary delivery mechanism for cross-border narcotics. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR): Underground facilities used to store crude oil to ensure energy security during supply disruptions. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
SORA-Q: A transforming lunar rover developed by JAXA and Takara-TOMY. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the national aerospace agency of Japan. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
Pesticide residue violations are a primary regulatory barrier in international agricultural trade. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
Telegram: A cloud-based instant messaging service known for its end-to-end encryption and privacy features. · 17 Jun · GS3 · note
Vertical growth: Strategy to accommodate population density in existing cities like Delhi · 17 Jun · GS1 · note
GSOIA: General Security of Information Agreement is the proposed framework for security cooperation. · 17 Jun · GS2 · note
Medical Cyclotron: A device used to produce radioisotopes for medical imaging and cancer therapy. · 17 Jun · GS2 · note
Bharat Innovates 2026: An initiative to showcase Indian technological prowess and AI capabilities. · 17 Jun · GS2 · note
El Niño: A climate pattern characterized by the warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
MeitY: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is the nodal ministry for regulating social media platforms in India. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
Paris Agreement target: Limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
Deep-tech sectors highlighted include Space, Defence, Healthcare, and Energy. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic is a private AI safety and research company known for developing the Claude LLM series. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
Large Language Models (LLMs) are being monitored for capabilities in automated cyber-attacks and misinformation generation. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
AI Technology: The U.S. is increasingly treating AI as a core national security and economic priority in its bilateral dealings. · 16 Jun · GS2 · note
Uranium enrichment is a key technical component of the nuclear non-proliferation negotiations. · 16 Jun · GS2 · note
Dancing Girl: A famous bronze sculpture representing the artistic and metallurgical skills of the Harappan civilization. · 16 Jun · GS1 · note
Quantum Communication: A field involving the transmission of information using quantum mechanics. · 16 Jun · GS2 · note
Strong Hybrid Electric Vehicles (SHEVs) use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to power the vehicle. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
BESS: Battery Energy Storage Systems are used to stabilize grid frequency and store renewable energy · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
AI chatbots are emerging as a primary news source for younger generations. · 16 Jun · GS1 · note
Pre-open call auction sessions are now mandated for gold and silver ETFs to improve price discovery. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a chronic inflammatory lung disease. · 16 Jun · GS3 · note
NCMC: National Common Mobility Card is a 'One Nation One Card' initiative for seamless travel across public transport. · 15 Jun · GS2 · note
AI Rack manufacturing involves high-density infrastructure required to power large-scale Artificial Intelligence models. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Gabion stone masonry: A technique using stone-filled wire baskets to prevent erosion and recharge groundwater. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Marine organisms: Sponges and corals are the primary species colonizing these newly formed deep-sea habitats. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Albedo Effect: Sea ice reflects sunlight; its loss leads to increased solar absorption and further warming. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
BEML is the primary body for domestic bullet train manufacturing. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Ethical AI: A key focus area for the 2026 G7 Summit to address global AI governance · 15 Jun · GS2 · note
The deal requires Iran to freeze nuclear activity and refrain from producing or acquiring nuclear weapons. · 15 Jun · GS2 · note
Iran's missile program remains a point of contention in the tentative agreement. · 15 Jun · GS2 · note
Artemis III: NASA's mission to return humans to the moon, with the first lunar landing expected in 2028. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Starship: A spacecraft developed by SpaceX for lunar and interplanetary missions. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Blue Moon: A lunar lander developed by Blue Origin for the Artemis program. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Orion: NASA's spacecraft designed to carry humans to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect: Urban areas experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to human activity and infrastructure. · 15 Jun · GS3 · note
Bio-bitumen: A road construction material created by blending sugarcane molasses with bitumen. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Satellite rapid response teams are being deployed for real-time monitoring of wildlife movements. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic is a US-based AI safety and research company. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Highly enriched uranium: A material used in nuclear reactors and potentially for nuclear weapons. · 14 Jun · GS2 · note
Hedging: A financial strategy used to offset potential losses from price fluctuations in currencies or commodities. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
FAR (Fully Accessible Route): A mechanism allowing FPIs to invest in government securities without specific limits. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Egg freezing is a medical procedure used to preserve fertility for women delaying childbearing. · 14 Jun · GS2 · note
Environmental triggers: Soil moisture and temperature changes determine the cicada's emergence cycle. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Gemini: Google's multimodal large language model (LLM) capable of processing text, images, and code. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Outsider Enterprise: A Chinese-linked cybercrime network identified for using AI in mass-scale scam operations. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
El Nino: A climate pattern involving the warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Broad Gauge (BG): Standard railway track gauge of 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) used in India and Nepal. · 14 Jun · GS2 · note
Tunnel Hoods: Engineering structures at tunnel portals designed to mitigate pressure waves and noise in high-speed rail corridors. · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
GIS (Geographic Information System) is used for real-time basin-level pollution monitoring and drain mapping · 14 Jun · GS3 · note
Positive Feedback Loop: Strong El Niño events can lead to a significant spike in global mean temperatures. · 13 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic is an American AI firm developing frontier large language models. · 13 Jun · GS2 · note
Fast Breeder Reactor: A reactor that produces more fissile material (e.g., Plutonium-239) than it consumes during operation. · 13 Jun · GS3 · note
Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease are genetic blood disorders requiring prenatal screening. · 13 Jun · GS2 · note
Mission Sudarshan Chakra: A multi-level missile defence system to be operational by 2025 · 13 Jun · GS3 · note
Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5 are AI models developed by Anthropic. · 13 Jun · GS3 · note
C-295: A military transport aircraft being manufactured in India. · 11 Jun · GS3 · note
C-295: A military transport aircraft manufactured in India. · 10 Jun · GS3 · note
Osmotic power: Electricity generated from the continuous flow of fresh water and saltwater. · 10 Jun · GS3 · note
Artemis III: NASA mission scheduled for launch in 2027 to test lunar landing capabilities · 10 Jun · GS3 · note
SpaceX and Blue Origin: Private companies developing lunar landers for the Artemis program · 10 Jun · GS3 · note
Corsair: An autonomous surface vessel (drone boat) used by the US Navy for personnel recovery. · 10 Jun · GS2 · note
Ozone-based technology: Developed by CFTRI to prevent fungal contamination in food grains during post-harvest storage · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
AI applications: Used for identifying fungal-infected onions and grading food products for quality assessment · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Artemis III: NASA mission scheduled for launch in 2027 · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Artemis III mission objectives: practicing in-space docking procedures and collecting research data · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
The force utilizes drone surveillance for field monitoring · 9 Jun · GS2 · note
The data center is powered by offshore wind energy. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Seawater is used as a cooling medium to reduce energy consumption and land requirements. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Shiv Shakti Point: The landing site of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission near the Moon's South Pole. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL): The Indian institution leading the study on lunar soil chemistry. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Lunar Magma Ocean: A theory supported by the chemical similarity between lunar soil and meteorites. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Chemicals in printing inks can leach into food when hot or greasy · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Offshore wind and green hydrogen are identified as key focus areas for the state's energy transition. · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Thermal drones are used for wildlife monitoring to detect heat signatures at night · 9 Jun · GS3 · note
Hexacopter drones are specifically identified as tools for narcotics trafficking across the border. · 8 Jun · GS3 · note
Vitamin D and B-complex vitamins were identified as key micronutrients linked to dementia risk · 8 Jun · GS2 · note
Evaporative cooling systems are used to manage heat generated by AI chips · 8 Jun · GS3 · note
The new switching device is based on antiferromagnetic material. · 8 Jun · GS3 · note
The technology aims to reduce data center power consumption by eliminating continuous electrical current. · 8 Jun · GS3 · note
The proposed hybrid system combines optical triggering with magnetic non-volatile storage. · 8 Jun · GS3 · note
Project Glasswing is an initiative aimed at enhancing cybersecurity capabilities. · 7 Jun · GS2 · note
Judiciary's focus: Development of an indigenous AI ecosystem for the legal system · 7 Jun · GS2 · note
Jindal group-led waste-to-energy plant construction · 7 Jun · GS3 · note
AI agents are utilized for price comparison, website browsing, and personal assistance · 7 Jun · GS3 · note
IIT Bombay and IIT Ropar provided technical advice on slope stabilization measures · 7 Jun · GS3 · note
Mythos: An advanced AI model developed by Anthropic for cybersecurity initiatives. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
El Nino: Climate phenomenon discussed regarding its impact on monsoon rainfall · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Agnirath: The name of the IIT Madras team competing in the Sasol Solar Challenge. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Mythos: An AI tool used by Anthropic to assist the NSA in offensive hacking. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
FROST: A newly discovered browser side-channel attack that fingerprints other tabs and apps on a device. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
NameTag: A dormant face recognition feature stored on Meta's smart glasses. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Mangalyaan: India's Mars Orbiter Mission launched on December 1, 2013 · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Lockdown Mode: A security feature by OpenAI to protect against prompt injection attacks. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Prompt injection: A cyberattack method where attackers manipulate AI systems to steal data. · 6 Jun · GS3 · note
Red Team vs Blue Team: A cybersecurity dynamic where one team (Red) simulates attacks and the other (Blue) defends the infrastructure. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
Authentication bypass: A security vulnerability that allows an attacker to gain access to a system without providing valid credentials. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
Super antigen: A vaccine designed to target a wide range of viruses including animal viruses that can jump to humans. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
University of Cambridge: Institution responsible for the AI-designed vaccine development. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
The vaccine was designed entirely by Artificial Intelligence (AI). · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
The vaccine targets a range of viruses including SARS, MERS, and Covid-19. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
Key areas of shared interest identified: Technology, AI, and global markets · 5 Jun · GS2 · note
Sentinel-5P: A satellite used by the European Space Agency to monitor atmospheric gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2). · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
H-1B visa fees were increased by the US government as a factor in the exodus. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
Su-57: A Russian fifth-generation fighter jet. · 5 Jun · GS2 · note
AMCA: India's indigenous project for fifth-generation fighter jets. · 5 Jun · GS2 · note
Norway agreed to share expertise in carbon capture and storage (CCS) with India. · 5 Jun · GS2 · note
Recursive Self-Improvement (RSI): A phenomenon where AI systems autonomously design and develop their own successors. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
Anthropic: An AI frontier lab advocating for control mechanisms and international cooperation to align AI with human goals. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
El Niño: Weather pattern typically weakening monsoon rains and pushing temperatures higher. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
The drum plantation technique uses a mixture of sand, nutrient-rich soil, vermicompost, stubble, and cocopeat. · 5 Jun · GS3 · note
El Niño: A climate pattern expected to suppress Indian rainfall in 2026. · 4 Jun · GS3 · note
El Niño: A climate pattern associated with extreme weather conditions including heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall. · 4 Jun · GS3 · note
El Niño conditions were identified as a primary driver for increased heat risk · 4 Jun · GS1 · note
OpenAI, Anthropic, Google DeepMind, and Microsoft AI are the primary tech entities involved in the letter. · 4 Jun · GS3 · note
Bee-Nav: A navigation system for drones inspired by honeybee visual memory. · 4 Jun · GS3 · note
SMRs: Small Modular Reactors are identified as a low-carbon clean energy source for India. · 4 Jun · GS3 · note
Pink buses are equipped with CCTV cameras, panic buttons, and GPS tracking for passenger safety. · 3 Jun · GS3 · note
The tariffs are part of investigations conducted under Section 301. · 3 Jun · GS2 · note
Millets are identified as drought-resistant crops for climate-resilient farming. · 3 Jun · GS3 · note
Thrombotic strokes: The specific type of stroke the initiative focuses on for timely treatment. · 3 Jun · GS2 · note
Radio collars are used to monitor the movement and health of translocated tigers. · 3 Jun · GS3 · note
RudraM-II: An anti-radiation air-to-surface missile developed by DRDO · 2 Jun · GS3 · note
Majorana 2: A quantum chip developed by Microsoft claiming 1,000x higher reliability than its predecessor. · 2 Jun · GS3 · note
Topological qubits: A quantum computing approach based on the theoretical Majorana particle. · 2 Jun · GS3 · note
Global shift towards AI infrastructure is cited as a factor for diminishing Indian stock market appeal · 2 Jun · GS3 · note
The Relative Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is used to determine the phase of ENSO. · 2 Jun · GS3 · note
The project aims to support India's semiconductor capacity under PLI schemes · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
The Hub is part of the America-India Connect initiative · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
Policy focus areas include data centers, GCCs, and AI-driven investment facilitation · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
Drone Dominance: A US Pentagon competition with a $1.1 billion budget for low-cost combat drones. · 1 Jun · GS2 · note
The drones being developed are designed to be expendable and capable of high-speed maneuvers and precision strikes. · 1 Jun · GS2 · note
BiSON: Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network is a global network used to measure oscillations inside the Sun. · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
Traditional solar activity gauging methods focus on sunspots and radio flux. · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
ZAYNICH: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic targeting multiple penicillin-binding proteins. · 1 Jun · GS3 · note
Nvidia, AMD, Intel, and TSMC: Key global entities involved in the production and distribution of advanced AI chips. · 1 Jun · GS3 · note

How these notes are made