El Niño could cause trillions in global GDP losses and mass coral bleaching
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Nuclear & new energy technology· Prelims·
Climate change and marine biodiversity: a GS3 and Science & Tech case study on extreme weather impacts.
Why in news
The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) forecasted a 100 percent chance of an extremely strong El Niño through December 2026, raising concerns over global GDP losses and coral bleaching.
Background
NOAA predicts El Niño temperatures could reach 2.7 degrees Celsius above normal. Researchers from Indiana University and the National Autonomous University of Mexico link the severity of this event to climate change.
Facts for Prelims
- FactNOAA forecasts a 100 percent chance of an extremely strong El Niño through December 2026
- FactProjected El Niño temperature: 2.7 degrees Celsius above normal
- S&TEl Niño is linked to mass coral bleaching and significant global GDP losses
Prelims practice question
With reference to the El Niño forecast by NOAA, consider the following statements:
- Extreme El Niño events are linked to mass coral bleaching and global GDP losses.
- The projected El Niño temperatures are expected to reach 3.5 degrees Celsius above normal.
- There is a 100 percent chance of an extremely strong El Niño through December 2026.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a)1 only
- (b)3 only
- (c)1 and 3 only
- (d)1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only — Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect: The projected temperature is 2.7 degrees Celsius above normal.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the nexus between climate change and extreme El Niño events, highlighting their implications for global economic stability and marine biodiversity.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Economic volatility: Trillions in global GDP losses due to climate-induced agricultural and infrastructure disruptions
- Marine ecosystem collapse: Mass coral bleaching leading to loss of biodiversity and coastal protection
- Climate feedback loops: Synergistic effects between anthropogenic global warming and ENSO cycle intensity
Keywords: El Niño · Climate Change · Coral Bleaching · Global GDP · NOAA · Biodiversity Loss
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