Human Genome Project reveals only 2 percent of 3 billion DNA blocks are genes
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Biotechnology & health research· Prelims·
Genomics and biotechnology: Understanding noncoding DNA and AI-driven gene regulation for GS3.
Why in news
Biologists Karen Adelman and Wendy Bickmore highlighted that only 2 percent of the 3 billion DNA building blocks in the human genome are genes, emphasizing the role of noncoding DNA in complex gene regulation.
Background
The Human Genome Project deduced 3 billion DNA building blocks between 1990 and 2003. Research indicates that only 2 percent of these blocks are genes, while the rest involves noncoding DNA, enhancers, chromatin folding, and epigenetic marks.
Facts for Prelims
- FactHuman Genome Project deduced 3 billion DNA building blocks between 1990 and 2003
- FactOnly 2 percent of the 3 billion DNA building blocks in the human genome consist of genes
- S&TAlphaGenome is an AI model used to predict recursive biological processes in gene regulation
- S&TNoncoding DNA, enhancers, chromatin folding, and epigenetic marks are key to complex gene regulation
Prelims practice question
Which AI model is used to predict recursive biological processes in gene regulation?
- (a)GeneSynth
- (b)AlphaGenome
- (c)BioPredict
- (d)DeepGenome
Show answer
Answer: (b) AlphaGenome — AlphaGenome is the AI model mentioned for predicting recursive biological processes in gene regulation.
For Mains
Q. Discuss how the study of noncoding DNA and AI-driven genomic modeling like AlphaGenome can revolutionize personalized medicine and complex disease treatment.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Data complexity: Decoding recursive biological processes beyond protein-coding genes
- AI integration: Predictive modeling of chromatin folding and epigenetic marks for precision healthcare
Keywords: Human Genome Project · Noncoding DNA · Epigenetics · AlphaGenome · Gene Regulation
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