Every news story that matters for the Internal Security part of UPSC Civil Services GS3 (Economy · S&T · Environment · Security), written for the exam: why in news, background, prelims facts, a practice MCQ and a mains question. 461 notes so far, updated daily.
Why in news: The Jammu and Kashmir administration restored mobile internet and lifted security restrictions after six days of unrest following the death of Ayatollah Khamenei.
The Jammu and Kashmir Director General of Police, Nalin Prabhat, called for increased counter-terrorism operations in south Kashmir. Markets in Srinagar's Lal Chowk reopened after being used as a protest site against the United States and Israel.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlaceLal Chowk: A major commercial area and protest site in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
PostNalin Prabhat: Director General of Police (DGP) of Jammu and Kashmir
FactSecurity restrictions and mobile internet services were restored on March 7, 2026
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the challenges in maintaining internal security and restoring normalcy in Jammu and Kashmir amidst geopolitical tensions and local unrest.
Security-Development nexus: Balancing heavy security presence with the restoration of essential digital and commercial infrastructure
Geopolitical spillover: Impact of international leadership transitions on local radicalization and protest movements
Why in news: Telangana CM A. Revanth Reddy assured rehabilitation support and financial rewards to 130 underground CPI (Maoist) cadres who surrendered with weapons.
The surrender occurred in Telangana on a Saturday in March 2026. The state government committed to providing medical cards and financial rewards to the surrendered cadres.
Prelims pointers (3)
Fact130 underground CPI (Maoist) cadres surrendered with weapons in Telangana.
PostShivadhar Reddy serves as the Director General of Police in Telangana.
PostB. Sumathi serves as the Inspector General of Special Intelligence Branch in Telangana.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the role of rehabilitation packages and surrender policies in neutralizing Left Wing Extremism in India's tribal belts.
Incentive-based transition: Balancing financial rewards with long-term socio-economic integration into mainstream society
Intelligence-led policing: Role of Special Intelligence Branches in facilitating voluntary surrender of underground cadres
Why in news: The Army's Northern Command hosted a 'synergy' conference with ITBP and BSF in Jammu and Kashmir to align operational strategies and address emerging security challenges.
The conference was held at the Northern Command HQ in Jammu and Kashmir. It was led by Lt. Gen. Pratik Sharma and involved the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and the Border Security Force (BSF).
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyITBP: Indo-Tibetan Border Police
BodyBSF: Border Security Force
PostLt. Gen. Pratik Sharma: Led the synergy conference at Northern Command HQ
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the importance of inter-agency coordination between the Indian Army and paramilitary forces in managing complex border security challenges in Jammu and Kashmir.
Operational synergy: Streamlining communication protocols between the Army and paramilitary forces to minimize response time
Intelligence integration: Real-time data sharing mechanisms to counter asymmetric threats and cross-border infiltration
Why in news: The Union Home Ministry approved an enhanced seven-year tenure for CAPF and Assam Rifles personnel joining the NSG on deputation to preserve institutional memory.
The NSG, known as 'Black Cats', is responsible for counter-terrorism and VIP security. The new order replaces the previous five-year tenure (extendable twice) with a fixed seven-year tenure at the time of initial appointment.
Prelims pointers (4)
BodyNSG: National Security Guard is responsible for counter-terrorism operations and VIP security.
FactThe enhanced tenure for CAPF and Assam Rifles personnel joining NSG is now seven years.
FactNSG personnel are colloquially known as 'Black Cats' due to their black-colored overalls.
BodyNSG draws its strength from deputations sent by the Army and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs).
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of preserving 'institutional memory' in elite security forces and the implications of long-term deputation on personnel management.
Operational continuity: Retention of specialized skill sets and tactical expertise in counter-terrorism units
Human resource management: Balancing long-term specialized training with career progression in parent CAPF units
Why in news: X's head of product development, Nikita Bier, uncovered a 31-account operation by a Pakistani man using AI-generated war videos to exploit the platform's revenue-sharing program.
A Pakistani man operated at least 31 accounts renamed as 'Iran War Monitor' and 'IDF Girl' profiles. These accounts shared AI-generated war footage to exploit X's creator revenue-sharing program during Iran-US strikes.
Prelims pointers (3)
S&TX (formerly Twitter) announced a 90-day suspension for users posting AI-generated conflict footage without disclosing its origin.
FactThe operation involved at least 31 accounts posing as legitimate monitors and IDF Girl profiles.
PostNikita Bier is the head of product development at X.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges posed by AI-generated misinformation in digital warfare and the necessity of platform accountability in maintaining information integrity.
Algorithmic vulnerability: Exploitation of revenue-sharing models by coordinated inauthentic behavior
Information warfare: Use of AI-generated synthetic media to manipulate public perception during kinetic conflicts
Regulatory friction: Balancing platform self-regulation with state demands for content moderation
Keywords: Synthetic Media · Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior · Information Integrity · Algorithmic Governance · Digital Warfare
Why in news: A Special NIA Court in Jammu issued a Letter Rogatory to China to trace the supply chain and end-user details of a GoPro Hero 12 Black Camera used in the Pahalgam terror attack.
The NIA sought information on a GoPro Hero 12 Black Camera linked to the Pahalgam attack. The manufacturer, GoPro B V, identified the distributor as AE Group International Limited based in China, which activated the device on January 30, 2024.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactGoPro Hero 12 Black Camera: Device linked to the Pahalgam terror attack
PlaceAE Group International Limited: A distributor based in China
FactJanuary 30, 2024: Date of activation for the camera identified by the manufacturer
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges faced by Indian investigative agencies in tracing the digital and physical supply chains ofterrorist hardware across international borders.
Extradition and legal hurdles: Complexity of enforcing Letters Rogatory in non-cooperative jurisdictions
Technological opacity: Difficulty in tracing end-user records for encrypted or decentralized hardware supply chains
Intelligence gaps: Lack of downstream transaction transparency in global electronics distribution
Keywords: Letter Rogatory · Counter-terrorism · Supply Chain Traceability · Transnational Crime · Digital Forensics
Why in news: The Ministry of Defence signed contracts worth ₹5,083 crore for the acquisition of ALH Mk-II helicopters for the Indian Coast Guard and Shtil missiles from Russia for the Indian Navy.
The Ministry of Defence signed contracts on March 3, 2026, for six Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-II (Maritime Role) and Surface-to-Air Vertical Launch–Shtil missiles. The helicopters are being procured from Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL), while the missiles are sourced from Russia's JSC Rosobor.
Prelims pointers (4)
FactTotal contract value signed by the Ministry of Defence is ₹5,083 crore.
S&TALH Mk-II (Maritime Role) helicopters are being procured for the Indian Coast Guard.
S&TSurface-to-Air Vertical Launch–Shtil missiles are being sourced from Russia's JSC Rosobor for the Indian Navy.
BodyHindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) is the designated supplier for the ALH Mk-II helicopters.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of enhancing maritime security capabilities through indigenous procurement and strategic international defense acquisitions for India's maritime security.
Strategic autonomy: Balancing reliance on Russian defense technology with indigenous manufacturing via HAL
Maritime domain awareness: Enhancing coastal surveillance and anti-air capabilities in the Indian Ocean Region
Why in news: Odisha Police declared Bolangir and Bargarh districts Maoist-free following the surrender of 15 Maoist members to security forces in Chhattisgarh.
The Odisha Police declared Bolangir and Bargarh as Maoist-free districts. This decision was prompted by the surrender of 15 Maoist members to security forces in Chhattisgarh.
Prelims pointers (2)
FactBolangir and Bargarh districts in Odisha declared Maoist-free
Fact15 Maoist members surrendered to security forces in Chhattisgarh
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the factors contributing to the decline of Maoistactivity in Odisha and suggest measures to ensure long-term peace in Left-Wing Extremism affected regions.
Developmental gap: Correlation between infrastructure penetration and reduction in insurgent recruitment
Intelligence synergy: Effectiveness of inter-state security cooperation in Chhattisgarh and Odisha
Counter-insurgency strategy: Transition from kinetic operations to community-led development models
Why in news: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) cautioned Indian States to monitor protests and identify pro-Iran radical groups following joint U.S.-Israel military strikes against Iran.
The MHA requested states to identify pro-Iran radical preachers and extremist groups. The warning focuses on protecting embassies, consulates, businesses, tourist sites frequented by Westerners, and synagogues from potential violence.
Prelims pointers (2)
BodyMHA: Union Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for internal security and coordination with States.
FactThe MHA warning specifically targets security for embassies, consulates, businesses, tourist sites, and synagogues.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges faced by the Union Government in coordinating internal security measures with State governments during periods of heightened geopolitical tension.
Federal friction: Balancing State police autonomy with Central security directives during external shocks
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in identifying non-state radical actors across diverse state jurisdictions
Why in news: The Union government blocked access to the developer-centric hosting platform Supabase under Section 69A of the IT Act, 2000, sparking criticism over transparency.
The government invoked Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, to block Supabase. The Internet Freedom Foundation criticized the move for a lack of transparency in the blocking order.
Prelims pointers (3)
Act / BillSection 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000: Provides powers to block public access to information online.
BodyInternet Freedom Foundation: An organization that criticized the lack of transparency in the Supabase blocking order.
FactSupabase: A website popular among code developers for affordable hosting options.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the tension between national security imperatives and the right to access information in the digital age under Section 69A of the IT Act.
Transparency deficit: Lack of public disclosure regarding specific grounds for blocking digital services
Digital sovereignty vs. Open Internet: Balancing state security concerns with the needs of the developer ecosystem
Regulatory oversight: Need for judicial oversight to prevent arbitrary blocking of global tech platforms
Keywords: Digital Sovereignty · Right to Information · Section 69A · Cyber Governance · Transparency
Why in news: 120 surrendered Maoists, including a former Central Committee Member of the banned CPI (Maoist), attended the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly proceedings to witness the democratic process.
The group of 120 surrendered Maoists included 54 women and individuals from Sukma and Bastar. They met with Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai and Deputy Chief Minister Vijay Sharma in Naya Raipur.
Prelims pointers (3)
Fact120 surrendered Maoists attended the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly proceedings on February 28, 2026.
FactThe group included 54 women and a former Central Committee Member of the banned CPI (Maoist).
PlaceThe proceedings took place in Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of rehabilitation policies in neutralizing Left Wing Extremism and fostering the transition of surrendered insurgents into the mainstream democratic fold.
Rehabilitation efficacy: Transitioning from 'gun tantra' to livelihood-based masonry and mainstream economic participation.
Democratic integration: Symbolic inclusion in the 'temple of the Constitution' to foster trust in state institutions.
Security-Development nexus: Addressing the socio-economic grievances in Bastar and Sukma to reduce recruitment into Maoist ranks.
Keywords: Left Wing Extremism · Rehabilitation Policy · Mainstream Integration · Democratic Process · Livelihood Security
Why in news: Odisha police and security forces intensified operations in Kandhamal district to apprehend Sukru (alias Krishna), a CPI (Maoist) State Committee Member, following the death of his deputy.
Security forces recovered the body of Anwesh, a military platoon commander, in Kandhamal district. Sukru is reported to be with approximately 25 armed cadres following the surrender of over 50 cadres since November.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlaceKandhamal district is the primary site of the current security operation in Odisha.
FactMore than 50 CPI (Maoist) cadres surrendered in Odisha since November.
FactSukru (alias Krishna) is a State Committee Member of the CPI (Maoist).
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the factors contributing to the declining influence of the CPI (Maoist) in Odisha and the role of intelligence-led operations in neutralizing Left Wing Extremism.
Intelligence synergy: Integration of actionable human intelligence with tactical ground operations
Surrender dynamics: Impact of cadre desertion on organizational command and control structures
Geographic containment: Strategy of isolating insurgent pockets in tribal-dominated districts
Why in news: Telangana Chief Minister Revanth Reddy met with surrendered former Maoist leaders to discuss security assurances and rehabilitation benefits for their reintegration into mainstream society.
The meeting involved former senior functionaries of the proscribed CPI (Maoist) party. The Telangana government committed to reviewing requests for enhanced relief and rehabilitation packages to ensure a dignified life for surrendered cadres.
Prelims pointers (1)
FactCPI (Maoist) is a proscribed organization in India
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of rehabilitation and security assurances in neutralizing Left Wing Extremism and facilitating the reintegration of surrendered Maoists into the mainstream.
Incentive structure: Balancing financial rehabilitation packages with long-term socio-economic integration and skill development
Security-Trust paradox: Ensuring the safety of surrendered cadres while preventing the leakage of sensitive operational intelligence
Mainstreaming hurdles: Addressing social stigma and community-level resistance against former insurgents in rural belts
Why in news: The Indian Navy commissioned INS Anjadip, a new warship designed to enhance anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities and coastal surveillance.
INS Anjadip is a 77-meter-long vessel built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Kolkata. It is equipped with hull-mounted sonar Abhay, Lightweight Torpedoes, and ASW Rockets, serving as a successor to the Petya-class corvettes.
Prelims pointers (5)
S&TINS Anjadip: A warship designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and coastal surveillance.
FactINS Anjadip: A 77-meter-long vessel.
PostGarden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers: The Kolkata-based shipyard that built INS Anjadip.
FactSonar Abhay: A hull-mounted sonar system equipped on INS Anjadip.
PlaceAnjadip: An island located off the coast of Karwar in Karnataka.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of enhancing anti-submarine warfare capabilities in securing India's maritime borders and coastal waters.
Technological parity: Necessity of indigenous sonar and torpedo systems to counter regional submarine threats
Strategic depth: Role of coastal surveillance in monitoring maritime trade routes and preventing maritime incursions
Why in news: President Droupadi Murmu flew as a co-pilot in an IAF Light Combat Helicopter 'Prachand' near the India-Pakistan border to highlight indigenous defense capabilities.
President Droupadi Murmu flew as a co-pilot in a Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) 'Prachand' at Jaisalmer Air Force Station. This is the first time an Indian President has flown in an attack helicopter.
Prelims pointers (3)
S&TLCH 'Prachand': An indigenous Light Combat Helicopter developed by India.
PostPresident Droupadi Murmu: Head of State of India.
FactThe President flew as a co-pilot in the aircraft.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative in the aerospace and defense sector for India's strategic autonomy.
Strategic autonomy: Reducing import dependency on critical attack helicopter components
Indigenization impact: Enhancing domestic manufacturing ecosystem through the 'Make in India' initiative
Why in news: Ajai Lamba resigned as chairperson of the Commission of Inquiry investigating Manipur ethnic violence, with former Supreme Court judge Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan appointed as his successor.
The Commission of Inquiry was established in June 2023 to investigate the causes, extent, and official lapses regarding Manipur ethnic violence. It has received over 11,000 affidavits and plans to relocate witnesses from Imphal to Delhi for testimony.
Prelims pointers (3)
PostJustice Balbir Singh Chauhan: Former Supreme Court judge appointed as chairperson of the Manipur violence inquiry commission.
FactThe Commission of Inquiry has received over 11,000 affidavits as of February 2026.
PlaceImphal: The primary location of the violence where witnesses are being relocated from for testimony.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the institutional mechanisms required to ensure impartial and effective investigations into large-scale communal violence in India.
Procedural integrity: Ensuring witness protection and impartial testimony through relocation to neutral jurisdictions
Accountability framework: Identifying and addressing specific lapses in duty by state and local authorities
Why in news: The Chhattisgarh government reported the seizure of 989 weapons from Maoists since 2020, highlighting the state's ongoing counter-insurgency operations.
Between January 2020 and January 2026, Chhattisgarh reported 4,340 Maoist surrenders, 3,644 arrests, and 666 deaths in encounters. Seized weapons included muzzle-loading rifles, BGL launchers, light machine guns, and AK-47 assault rifles.
Prelims pointers (4)
Fact989 weapons seized or recovered from Maoists in Chhattisgarh since 2020
Fact4,340 Maoists surrendered between January 2020 and January 2026
Fact3,644 Maoists were arrested in the same period
Fact666 Maoists were killed in encounters between January 2020 and January 2026
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the multi-pronged strategy required to neutralize Left Wing Extremism in Chhattisgarh while addressing the underlying socio-economic drivers of insurgency.
Security-Development Nexus: Balancing kinetic operations with infrastructure development in liberated zones
Intelligence Gap: Challenges in tracking high-grade weaponry like AK-47s and BGL launchers in dense terrain
Keywords: Left Wing Extremism · Counter-insurgency · Internal Security · Maoist Insurgency · State Security
Why in news: Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia stated that SIM-binding directions for messaging apps like WhatsApp will remain in effect until February 28th to ensure national security and prevent fraud.
The Indian government is enforcing SIM-binding rules for messaging platforms to mitigate fraud and security risks. Meta is reportedly testing code to inform users about these specific Indian regulations regarding SIM verification.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactSIM-binding directions for messaging apps are currently in effect until February 28th.
PostJyotiraditya Scindia is the current Minister of Communications.
FactMeta is the parent company of the messaging platform WhatsApp.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the balance between individual privacy rights and the state's necessity to regulate messaging platforms for national security and fraud prevention.
Regulatory friction: Balancing end-to-end encryption integrity with government mandates for user verification
Security-Privacy trade-off: Risks of metadata surveillance versus the necessity of curbing cyber-fraud and misinformation
Keywords: National Security · Cybersecurity · Data Sovereignty · Regulatory Compliance · Digital Governance
Why in news: The Indian Navy is set to commission the INS Anjadip, a specialized anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft, at Chennai port to enhance coastal security.
The INS Anjadip is a 77-meter vessel built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata. It is equipped with a high-speed propulsion system and an indigenous anti-submarine warfare weapons package for coastal surveillance and search and rescue operations.
Prelims pointers (3)
S&TINS Anjadip: A state-of-the-art anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft.
PostAdmiral Dinesh K Tripathi: Chief of the Naval Staff attending the commissioning.
BodyGarden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers: The Kolkata-based firm that built the vessel.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of indigenous shallow water craft in securing India's maritime borders and countering asymmetric threats in coastal regions.
Technological sovereignty: Reducing reliance on foreign OEMs for indigenous anti-submarine warfare weapons packages
Operational versatility: Balancing coastal surveillance with low-intensity maritime operations and search and rescue capabilities
Why in news: Telangana DGP B Shivdhar Reddy reported that the Maoist movement in Telangana is significantly weakened and 'headless' due to mass surrenders and rehabilitation efforts.
Over 5,865 Maoist cadres have surrendered in Telangana since its formation. Currently, only 11 active members remain, with the state government providing land, financial assistance, and education to those seeking peace.
Prelims pointers (3)
Fact5,865 Maoist cadres have surrendered in Telangana since its formation
Fact11 active Maoist members currently remain in Telangana
PostB Shivdhar Reddy is the Director General of Police (DGP) of Telangana
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the role of rehabilitation-centric policies in neutralizing Left Wing Extremism in Telangana. How does this approach balance security concerns with social justice?
Incentive-based transition: Effectiveness of land allocation and financial aid in breaking the cycle of radicalization
Security-Development nexus: Addressing underlying socio-economic grievances to reduce the recruitment base for Maoist movements
Why in news: The Indian Army conducted 'Exercise Agni Varsha' at Pokhran Field Firing Range to showcase operational preparedness and modern battlefield technologies to foreign defence journalists.
The exercise took place on February 24, 2026, at the Pokhran Field Firing Range in Rajasthan. It featured integrated fire and manoeuvre drills involving unmanned aerial systems and networked surveillance assets.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlacePokhran Field Firing Range is located in Rajasthan
S&TExercise Agni Varsha featured unmanned aerial systems and networked surveillance assets
FactForeign defence journalists from 25 countries witnessed the drills
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of showcasing indigenous and networked battlefield technologies in enhancing India's strategic deterrence in the desert sector.
Technological parity: Integration of unmanned systems to counter asymmetric threats
Strategic signaling: Use of large-scale drills to project operational readiness to global observers
Why in news: Odisha CM Mohan Charan Majhi informed the state legislature that 73 Bangladeshi nationals were deported following a documentation audit of 2,261 suspected individuals.
The identification process was initiated based on Ministry of Home Affairs directives in May 2025. Out of 77 identified Bangladeshi nationals, 73 were deported and two were jailed for fraudulently obtaining Indian passports using forged documents.
Prelims pointers (3)
Fact73 Bangladeshi nationals were deported from Odisha since May 2025
BodyMinistry of Home Affairs (MHA) issued the directives for identifying Bangladeshi infiltrators
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in identifying and deporting illegal infiltrators along India's eastern borders and suggest measures to strengthen border management.
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in distinguishing between genuine refugees and economic infiltrators
Administrative bottleneck: Delays in document verification and inter-state coordination for deportation
Legal complexity: Balancing national security protocols with constitutional protections for individuals
Why in news: The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly passed the Prisons and Correctional Services Bill, 2026, to modernize prison administration and replace colonial-era laws.
The bill repeals the Prisons Act of 1894 and 1900. It introduces biometric systems, CCTV surveillance, and specific welfare measures like Anganwadi centers for female inmates and their children.
Prelims pointers (4)
Act / BillA.P. Prisons and Correctional Services Bill, 2026: repeals the Prisons Acts of 1894 and 1900
FactThe bill mandates biometric systems and CCTV surveillance for prison administration
FactThe bill includes provisions for open-air prisons to promote mental well-being
FactThe bill provides for Anganwadi centers specifically for female inmates and their children
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the shift from punitive to reformative prison systems contributes to the rehabilitation and social reintegration of inmates in India.
Rehabilitative shift: Transition from custodial punishment to mental well-being through open-air prisons
Social welfare: Addressing the rights of children of inmates through dedicated Anganwadi centers
Technological oversight: Balancing surveillance-led security with inmate privacy and rehabilitation
Why in news: The Bolangir-Bargarh-Mahasamund (BBM) division of the banned Communist Party of India (Maoist) sent a letter to the Chhattisgarh government offering to surrender and requesting safety guarantees.
The letter was signed by Vikas, the west sub-zonal secretary of the BBM division. The group requested a radio message guaranteeing safety for a planned surrender on March 2 or 3, while questioning the current rehabilitation process where surrendered members are held in barracks.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactBBM division: Bolangir-Bargarh-Mahasamund division of the banned Communist Party of India (Maoist)
PlaceBBM division active along the Chhattisgarh-Odisha border
PostVijay Sharma: Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh who acknowledged the surrender offer
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in the rehabilitation of surrendered Maoists and the importance of community-led integration in internal security strategies.
Rehabilitation bottleneck: Concerns over detention in barracks vs. immediate reintegration into local communities
Trust deficit: Skepticism regarding the safety and rehabilitation process for surrendered insurgents
Security-Development nexus: Balancing the need for immediate surrender with long-term socio-economic mainstreaming
Why in news: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) released India's first-ever anti-terror policy, PRAHAAR, to address evolving threats from state and non-state actors.
The PRAHAAR policy identifies cyberattacks, drones, and encryption as key technological tools used by terrorist groups. It focuses on disrupting recruitment, addressing radicalization, and preventing communal unrest through international cooperation.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyMHA: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for the PRAHAAR policy.
S&TThe policy specifically highlights drones and encryption as technologies used by terrorist groups.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the evolving nature of terrorism in India, focusing on the role of emerging technologies and the necessity of international cooperation in counter-terrorism strategies.
Technological asymmetry: Rapid adoption of drones and encryption by non-state actors outpacing traditional surveillance
Legal-diplomatic friction: Challenges in securing international legal cooperation for the extradition and prosecution of terrorists
Social-security nexus: Addressing the intersection of radicalization and communal unrest as a primary security threat
Why in news: Delhi Police arrested eight individuals, including Bangladeshi nationals, for alleged links to Pakistan and Bangladesh-based terror outfits following a security alert regarding a potential explosion near the Red Fort.
The arrests were made in West Bengal and Tamil Nadu following an investigation into the distribution of objectionable posters in Delhi metro stations. The suspects are allegedly being directed by Shabbir Ahmad Lone, a former terrorist handler currently based in Bangladesh.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactEight individuals were arrested across West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
PostShabbir Ahmad Lone is identified as a former terrorist handler based in Bangladesh.
PlaceThe investigation was triggered by a security alert regarding a possible explosion near the Red Fort in Delhi.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the evolving nature of cross-border terrorism and the challenges faced by Indian security agencies in neutralizing non-state actors operating from neighboring countries.
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in tracking remote handlers and digital communication channels across international borders
Jurisdictional hurdles: Coordinating law enforcement actions between state police and central agencies in multi-state operations
Why in news: Arunachal Pradesh and Assam officials installed the first border pillar at Seijosa to implement the 2022 Namsai Declaration aimed at resolving their long-standing boundary dispute.
The first border pillar was erected at Seijosa in the Pakke Kessang district. The initiative is a step toward fulfilling the Namsai Declaration signed in 2022 between Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlaceSeijosa is located in the Pakke Kessang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
FactThe Namsai Declaration was signed in 2022 to resolve the boundary dispute between Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
PostBiram Wahge chairs the Regional Committee for Pakke Kessang.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of inter-state boundary settlements in ensuring internal security and fostering regional cooperation in Northeast India.
Inter-state cooperation: Transition from territorial disputes to peaceful coexistence for border communities
Administrative coordination: Role of regional committees in resolving long-standing land boundary uncertainties
Why in news: Security agencies issued an alert regarding the illegal use of satellite communication devices in Indian waters, prompting the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) to propose stricter penal provisions.
The Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) is proposing stricter penal provisions to curb unauthorized satellite communication. The alert was issued due to potential national security threats and risks to maritime safety posed by illegal device usage in Indian waters.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyDirectorate General of Shipping (DGS) is the body proposing stricter penal provisions for satellite communication.
FactIllegal use of satellite phones in Indian waters is being flagged as a national security threat.
PostSecurity agencies issued the alert regarding unauthorized satellite communication devices.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in monitoring maritime security and the implications of unauthorized satellite communication on India's maritime domain awareness.
Regulatory gap: Lack of real-time tracking for non-registered satellite devices in Exclusive Economic Zone
Security risk: Potential for clandestine communication by non-state actors or hostile entities in maritime corridors
Keywords: Maritime Security · National Security · Regulatory Compliance · Domain Awareness · Satellite Communication
Why in news: Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged citizens to remain alert against 'digital arrest' scams and emphasized the importance of KYC for bank account security during his 'Mann Ki Baat' broadcast.
The PM highlighted advancements in AI showcased at a New Delhi summit, specifically its applications in animal care and livestock management. He also addressed the rise of online financial fraud and the necessity of Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols.
Prelims pointers (3)
S&TAI applications: Showcased in New Delhi for animal care and livestock management
FactDigital arrest scams: A form of online financial fraud highlighted by the PM
PostMann Ki Baat: Monthly radio broadcast by the Prime Minister of India
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the growing threat of cyber-enabled financial frauds like 'digital arrest' and suggest measures to enhance public awareness and institutional safeguards.
Regulatory gap: Lack of standardized reporting mechanisms for real-time digital arrest incidents
Awareness deficit: Vulnerability of rural populations to sophisticated AI-driven social engineering
Institutional friction: Delays in inter-agency coordination between banks and cyber-crime cells
Keywords: Cybersecurity · Digital Literacy · Financial Fraud · Social Engineering · KYC Compliance
Why in news: The Centre signed a tripartite agreement with the Nagaland Government and ENPO to form the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority (FNTA) to provide semi-autonomous governance to six eastern districts.
The FNTA was established via a tripartite agreement between the Centre, Nagaland Government, and the Eastern Nagaland Peoples’ Organisation (ENPO). It grants local leaders decision-making power over specific subjects while preserving Naga customary laws and social practices.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyENPO: Eastern Nagaland Peoples’ Organisation
FactFNTA covers six eastern districts of Nagaland
PlaceNagaland: State in Northeast India
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the creation of semi-autonomous territorial authorities can serve as a tool for internal security and conflict resolution in India's border regions.
Identity preservation: Balancing Naga customary laws with administrative autonomy
Security-led governance: Addressing separatist demands through localized decision-making power
Scalability constraints: Contextual differences between Nagaland and Manipur's Kuki-Zo demands
Why in news: Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced a target for the CRPF to eliminate Maoism from India by March 31, 2026.
The Union Home Minister highlighted the CRPF's role in dismantling Maoist strongholds and managing ethnic violence in Manipur and stone-pelting in Jammu and Kashmir. The CRPF celebrated its 87th foundation day parade in the Northeast region.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyCRPF: Central Reserve Police Force is a central armed police force under the Ministry of Home Affairs
FactTarget date for elimination of Maoism: March 31, 2026
PlaceManipur and Jammu and Kashmir: Regions where CRPF handled ethnic violence and stone-pelting respectively
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the multi-pronged strategy adopted by the Indian state to combat Left Wing Extremism and the role of internal security forces in maintaining territorial integrity.
Operational bottleneck: Difficulty in dismantling deep-seated Maoist strongholds in dense forest terrains
Security-Development nexus: Balancing kinetic operations with infrastructure development in Naxal-affected districts
Why in news: Manipur police and security forces arrested a member of the banned Kangleipak Communist Party (PSC) and destroyed 30 acres of illicit poppy cultivation.
Police arrested a militant from Tera Lukram Leirak in Imphal West on February 20, 2026. In Imphal East, they recovered a .303 rifle, a .22 rifle, a 9 mm submachine gun, and various explosives including an improvised bomb.
Prelims pointers (4)
PlaceImphal West and Imphal East are districts in the state of Manipur.
FactSecurity forces destroyed 30 acres of illicit poppy cultivation across Senapati and Churachandpur districts.
FactRecovered weapons included a .303 rifle, a .22 rifle, and a 9 mm submachine gun.
Fact10 acres of poppy were destroyed at Kangjang Hill Range in Senapati district.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges faced by security forces in curbing illicit drug cultivation and militantactivities in the Northeast region of India.
Geographic hurdle: Dense terrain and remote hill ranges facilitating clandestine poppy cultivation
Security-Development nexus: Addressing the socio-economic drivers of militant recruitment in Manipur
Inter-agency coordination: Challenges in synchronizing police operations with security forces for narcotics eradication
Keywords: Internal Security · Narcotics Control · Counter-insurgency · Illicit Cultivation · Law and Order
Why in news: Deputy Chief Minister Nemcha Kipgen called for a peaceful resolution and trust-building to address the ongoing ethnic violence between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities in Manipur.
The ethnic violence in Manipur began in May 2023 and has resulted in over 250 deaths and thousands of displaced people. Nemcha Kipgen, the first woman Deputy Chief Minister of Manipur, is currently stationed in Kangpokpi due to security concerns.
Prelims pointers (4)
PostNemcha Kipgen: First woman Deputy Chief Minister of Manipur
FactManipur ethnic violence: Began in May 2023
FactCasualties: Over 250 deaths reported in Manipur ethnic violence
PlaceKangpokpi: District in Manipur where Deputy CM is stationed due to security concerns
Mains angle
Q. Examine the challenges in managing ethnic conflicts in Northeast India and suggest measures to ensure communal harmony and internal security.
Security-Governance friction: Physical insecurity of elected representatives hindering legislative participation
Identity-Conflict nexus: Balancing recognition of distinct tribal identities with shared regional heritage
Displacement crisis: Managing the socio-economic rehabilitation of thousands of internally displaced persons
Why in news: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) notified an empowered committee in West Bengal to expedite pending Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) applications, primarily from the Matua community.
The committee is headed by the Deputy Registrar General of the Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. It includes officials from the Intelligence Bureau, Foreigners Regional Registration Officer (FRRO), and the National Informatics Centre.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyFRRO: Foreigners Regional Registration Officer is involved in processing citizenship applications.
FactThe Matua community is a Hindu group with roots in Bangladesh seeking citizenship.
PostThe committee is headed by the Deputy Registrar General of the Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the administrative and logistical challenges in streamlining citizenship verification processes for marginalized communities in border states.
Data integrity: Reconciling discrepancies between the 2002 electoral list and current demographic shifts
Inter-agency coordination: Streamlining data sharing between the Intelligence Bureau, FRRO, and National Informatics Centre
Keywords: Citizenship Amendment Act · Special Intensive Revision · Matua community · Empowered Committee · Demographic verification
Why in news: The Delhi High Court dismissed an appeal against the Enforcement Directorate's (ED) provisional attachment of ancestral property
The Delhi High Court upheld a 2025 order regarding the provisional attachment of property by the Enforcement Directorate (ED). The court ruled that the PMLA does not provide a specific exemption for ancestral property in money laundering proceedings.
Prelims pointers (2)
Act / BillPrevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA): Legislation that empowers the ED to provisionally attach property suspected to be proceeds of crime.
FactThe court ruled that the PMLA scheme does not carve out an exception for ancestral property.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the legal implications of the Enforcement Directorate's power to attach ancestral property under the PMLA and its impact on individual property rights.
Statutory interpretation: Absence of specific exemptions for ancestral assets within the PMLA framework
Due process conflict: Balancing the state's power to seize assets against individual property rights
Enforcement efficacy: Ensuring that money laundering proceeds are not shielded by traditional property classifications