Every news story that matters for the Internal Security part of UPSC Civil Services GS3 (Economy · S&T · Environment · Security), written for the exam: why in news, background, prelims facts, a practice MCQ and a mains question. 462 notes so far, updated daily.
Why in news: The Delhi High Court dismissed an appeal against the Enforcement Directorate's (ED) provisional attachment of ancestral property
The Delhi High Court upheld a 2025 order regarding the provisional attachment of property by the Enforcement Directorate (ED). The court ruled that the PMLA does not provide a specific exemption for ancestral property in money laundering proceedings.
Prelims pointers (2)
Act / BillPrevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA): Legislation that empowers the ED to provisionally attach property suspected to be proceeds of crime.
FactThe court ruled that the PMLA scheme does not carve out an exception for ancestral property.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the legal implications of the Enforcement Directorate's power to attach ancestral property under the PMLA and its impact on individual property rights.
Statutory interpretation: Absence of specific exemptions for ancestral assets within the PMLA framework
Due process conflict: Balancing the state's power to seize assets against individual property rights
Enforcement efficacy: Ensuring that money laundering proceeds are not shielded by traditional property classifications
Why in news: The Indian Army foiled an infiltration attempt along the Line of Control (LoC) in Sunderbani, Jammu and Kashmir, and arrested a suspect with weapons in Poonch.
The White Knight Corps responded with fire to thwart the infiltration attempt on February 19, 2026. In Poonch district, J&K Police and CIF Romeo arrested a local resident named Sachin alias Pamma with two pistols and magazines.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactThe infiltration attempt occurred in Sunderbani, Jammu and Kashmir.
PostThe White Knight Corps is the Indian Army unit that responded to the infiltration.
FactCIF Romeo and J&K Police arrested a suspect in Poonch district with two pistols and magazines.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in managing border security and curbing trans-border weapons rackets along the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir.
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in identifying and dismantling clandestine trans-border weapons rackets
Operational friction: Balancing high-intensity border surveillance with local civilian security
Technological deficit: Need for advanced surveillance to detect small-scale infiltration attempts
Keywords: Line of Control · trans-border racket · asymmetric warfare · border management · internal security
Why in news: The CRPF launched 'Operation KGH-2' on February 17, 2026, to track down senior Maoist commanders and eradicate Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) along the Chhattisgarh-Telangana border.
The operation involves nearly 2,000 security personnel and targets four key leaders: Ganapati, Devuji, Malla Raja Reddy, and Misir Besra. The CRPF has established forward operating bases to disrupt Maoist supply chains and is leading the implementation of government schemes in these regions.
PlaceThe operation is conducted along the Chhattisgarh-Telangana border.
BodyCRPF is the lead force for the operation and scheme implementation in Maoist-affected areas.
FactThe operation aims to reduce the number of Maoist politburo and central committee members from 20 to four by March 2026.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the multi-pronged strategy of using both security operations and developmental schemes to combat Left-Wing Extremism in India's tribal heartlands.
Logistical disruption: Establishing forward operating bases to sever Maoist supply chains and communication networks
Developmental integration: CRPF-led implementation of government schemes to address underlying socio-economic grievances
Leadership decapitation: Targeting high-ranking politburo and central committee members to weaken organizational hierarchy
Why in news: The Ministry of Home Affairs announced the second phase of the Vibrant Village Programme (VVP-II) to develop 1,954 strategic border villages to counter illicit activities and demographic changes.
The VVP-II is a ₹6,839 crore initiative targeting 1,954 villages along the borders with Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Myanmar. The program focuses on economic development, social cohesion, and cultural assimilation to enhance border management.
Prelims pointers (4)
SchemeVibrant Village Programme (VVP) is an initiative by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
FactVVP-II involves a budget allocation of ₹6,839 crore
FactVVP-II targets 1,954 strategic villages along India's borders
PlaceThe program covers borders with Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Myanmar
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how infrastructure development and socio-economic integration in border regions can serve as a tool for national security and counter-insurgency.
Demographic security: Addressing concerns of population shifts and illicit cross-border activities
Integrated development: Balancing infrastructure needs with the preservation of local cultural assimilation
Strategic depth: Enhancing border management through community-led economic stability
Why in news: The National Investigation Agency (NIA) arrested a former PFI coordinator at Kochi airport for his role in a conspiracy to radicalize youth and establish Islamic rule by 2047.
The NIA apprehended Moideenkutty P., a former physical education training coordinator for the banned Popular Front of India (PFI), at Cochin International Airport. The accused had been on the run since September 2022 and is linked to a conspiracy involving weapon training and radicalization.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyNIA: National Investigation Agency is the primary counter-terrorism agency in India
FactThe NIA has filed chargesheets against 65 individuals in connection with this specific conspiracy
FactThe accused was apprehended upon arrival from the UAE at Cochin International Airport
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of the National Investigation Agency in countering radicalization and the challenges in dismantling clandestine terror-funding networks in India.
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in tracking clandestine funding and radicalization modules operating across international borders
Legal framework: Balancing the prevention of radicalization with the protection of individual civil liberties
Why in news: Assam Accord Implementation Minister Atul Bora informed the Assembly that over 1.70 lakh illegal foreigners have been detected in Assam since the accord's implementation.
The Assam Accord was signed in 1985 to detect and deport illegal immigrants from Bangladesh who entered Assam after March 25, 1971. As of February 2026, nearly all of the India-Bangladesh border in Assam is fenced except for a 4.35 km stretch.
Prelims pointers (4)
FactOver 1.70 lakh illegal foreigners detected under the Assam Accord since its implementation.
PlaceA 4.35 km stretch of the India-Bangladesh border in Assam remains unfenced due to objections from the Bangladesh Border Guard Force.
FactThe Assam Accord (1985) targets immigrants who entered Assam after March 25, 1971.
BodyJustice (retd) Biplab Sharma committee: tasked with recommendations on Clause 6 of the Assam Accord.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in implementing the Assam Accord and the implications of illegal migration on the demographic and security landscape of Northeast India.
Demographic shift: Pressure on local resources and linguistic identity due to rapid influx
Security-sovereignty trade-off: Balancing border fencing with diplomatic sensitivities of neighboring states
Institutional bottleneck: Delays in implementing Justice Biplab Sharma committee recommendations on Clause 6
Why in news: Manipur police evacuated 51 Kuki students from a school in Ukhrul district to a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) in Kangpokpi district due to escalating communal tensions.
The evacuation followed an assault case on February 7 in the Ukhrul district. The operation involved the Assam Rifles and Tangkhul Naga organizations to ensure the safety of the students and de-escalate local tensions.
Prelims pointers (5)
PlaceUkhrul district: Location of the school where students were evacuated in Manipur.
PlaceKangpokpi district: Location of the JNV where students were temporarily moved.
Fact51 Kuki students were evacuated from the school.
FactExam centers for 18 of the evacuated students were relocated.
BodyAssam Rifles: Paramilitary force involved in the evacuation process.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in maintaining communal harmony and ensuring the safety of educational institutions in conflict-prone regions of Northeast India.
Security-Education nexus: Balancing the need for uninterrupted schooling with the immediate requirement for physical safety in volatile zones.
Inter-community trust deficit: Addressing the breakdown of social cohesion between Kuki and local communities in Manipur.
Logistical hurdles: Challenges in relocating students and exam infrastructure during active communal unrest.
Keywords: Communal harmony · Internal security · Human rights · Conflict resolution · Social cohesion
Why in news: Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced a target conviction rate of 80% following the full implementation of the BNS, BNSS, and BSA, while stating Maoist violence is expected to be eradicated by March 2026.
The three new justice-based criminal laws are the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). The Home Ministry aims to eliminate Maoist violence by March 2026.
Prelims pointers (5)
Act / BillBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS): New criminal code replacing the Indian Penal Code.
Act / BillBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS): New procedural law replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Act / BillBharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA): New evidence-based law replacing the Indian Evidence Act.
FactTarget conviction rate: 80% under the new criminal laws.
FactTarget date for eradication of Maoist violence: March 2026.
Mains angle
Q. Examine how the transition to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and associated laws aims to improve the conviction rate and streamline the criminal justice system in India.
Judicial efficiency: Reducing pendency through digitized evidence and streamlined procedural mandates under BNSS
Internal security: Transitioning from kinetic operations to developmental integration in Maoist-affected regions
Legal transition: Challenges in harmonizing legacy cases with the new procedural framework of BSA
Why in news: Security agencies in Jammu and Kashmir identified and froze over 8,000 mule accounts used by global scam networks to facilitate money laundering and cryptocurrency conversion.
The Jammu and Kashmir Police and law enforcement agencies identified over 8,000 mule accounts linked to global scam networks. Officials suspect these accounts are part of a digital hawala model used to fund separatist and anti-national activities.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactOver 8,000 mule accounts were identified and frozen by security agencies in J&K.
S&TMule accounts are used to convert stolen funds into untraceable cryptocurrency.
FactA crackdown on illicit money flow occurred in 2017, leading to a shift toward digital hawala models.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the evolution of digital hawala and mule account networks poses a significant challenge to India's internal security and anti-money laundering framework.
Regulatory gap: Difficulty in tracking real-time conversions from fiat currency to untraceable cryptocurrencies
Institutional coordination: Need for seamless data sharing between law enforcement agencies and private banking entities
Technological shift: Transition from traditional physical hawala to digital mule networks complicates forensic tracking
Why in news: A three-member judicial panel headed by retired High Court Judge R.S. Chauhan was appointed to investigate a coal mine explosion in Meghalaya that killed 31 people.
The judicial panel was established under the Commission of Inquiry Act 1952 to investigate the February 5 coal mine explosion in Meghalaya. The panel includes retired IPS officer H. Nongpluh and former IAS officer P.S. Dkhar.
Prelims pointers (4)
Act / BillCommission of Inquiry Act 1952: Legal framework for establishing commissions to investigate matters of public importance.
PostR.S. Chauhan: Retired High Court Judge appointed as head of the judicial probe.
Fact31 people were killed in the February 5 coal mine explosion in Meghalaya.
PlaceMeghalaya: State where the coal mine explosion occurred.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of judicial inquiries in ensuring accountability and safety standards in India's extractive industries.
Regulatory oversight: Evaluating the efficacy of central mining laws and constitutional exemptions in ensuring worker safety.
Accountability mechanisms: Assessing the role of judicial commissions in identifying systemic failures in industrial safety protocols.
Why in news: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is considering enacting a law to provide statutory intervention to reduce the deputation of IPS officers to Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) following a Supreme Court ruling.
The Supreme Court ruled in 2025 that CAPF officers are Organised Group A Services (OGAS). The MHA's proposed law aims to reduce IPS deputation to CAPFs within the next two years to address promotion stagnation for approximately 13,000 CAPF officers.
Prelims pointers (4)
BodyMHA: Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for CAPFs and IPS administration
Fact13,000: Number of CAPF officers expected to benefit from the ruling and subsequent rule changes
FactTwo years: The timeframe within which the MHA aims to significantly reduce IPS deputation to CAPFs
PostIPS: Indian Police Service officers are currently being reviewed for deputation levels to CAPFs
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the implications of the status of CAPF officers as Organised Group A Services on the organizational structure and promotion hierarchy of India's internal security forces.
Cadre friction: Balancing the operational requirements of IPS officers with the career progression of permanent CAPF personnel
Statutory intervention: The use of legislative measures to override judicial observations on service rules and cadre structure
Keywords: Statutory intervention · Organised Group A Services · Cadre structure · Deputation · Promotion stagnation
Why in news: Arunachal Pradesh Governor K.T. Parnaik highlighted China's long-term strategy of using infrastructure and cultural influence to shape narratives along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Lieutenant General (retd.) K.T. Parnaik, the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, identified China's use of infrastructure and cultural influence as a strategy along India's frontiers. He advocated for a coordinated response involving security, development, diplomacy, and community empowerment to ensure stability.
Prelims pointers (2)
PlaceArunachal Pradesh is the state where the Governor highlighted China's frontier strategies.
FactThe Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the specific frontier mentioned in the context of China's strategy.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of integrating infrastructure development with cultural diplomacy and community empowerment in securing India's frontier regions againstexternal narratives.
Narrative warfare: Countering China's use of cultural influence to shape perceptions along the LAC
Integrated deterrence: Balancing physical infrastructure with community empowerment and diplomatic engagement
Developmental gap: Addressing internal development needs to mitigate external security vulnerabilities
Why in news: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Northeast India’s first Emergency Landing Facility (ELF) in Dibrugarh, Assam, to enhance regional air traffic and defense capabilities.
The ELF is a 4.2-km dual-use runway located on the Moran Bypass in Dibrugarh, Assam. It was designed in coordination with the Indian Air Force to accommodate fighter jets up to 40 tonnes and transport aircraft up to 74 tonnes.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlaceDibrugarh, Assam: Location of Northeast India's first Emergency Landing Facility (ELF).
FactThe ELF runway length is 4.2 km.
FactThe facility can accommodate fighter jets up to 40 tonnes and transport aircraft up to 74 tonnes.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of developing dual-use infrastructure in India's border regions for enhancing national security and regional connectivity.
Strategic depth: Enhancing rapid troop mobilization and logistical support in the Northeast frontier
Civil-Military synergy: Balancing regional aviation infrastructure development with defense readiness
Logistical resilience: Reducing response times for emergency services and disaster management in remote terrains
Why in news: The Manipur government lifted the internet ban in Ukhrul district following a period of conflict between Kuki-Zo and Naga tribes.
The internet ban was imposed on February 10th following an escalation of an assault case. The conflict resulted in over 40 houses being set ablaze and injuries to several people treated at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences in Imphal.
Prelims pointers (2)
PlaceUkhrul: A district in the state of Manipur
FactOver 40 houses were set ablaze during the conflict in Ukhrul
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the impact of internet shutdowns on the rights of citizens and the challenges of maintaining communal harmony in conflict-prone regions of Northeast India.
Digital rights conflict: Balancing public order and the fundamental right to access information
Ethnic friction: Inter-tribal tensions between Kuki-Zo and Naga communities in Manipur
Institutional response: Role of state government in mediating stakeholder agreements to restore normalcy
Keywords: Communal harmony · Internal security · Digital rights · Inter-tribal conflict · Public order
Why in news: The UNSC sanctions monitoring team reported that the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terror group claimed responsibility for the November 9 attack on the Red Fort in New Delhi.
The UNSC report highlights a series of attacks by JeM, including the Red Fort incident which resulted in 15 deaths. It also notes the creation of a women-only wing by JeM leader Mohammed Masood Azhar Alvi and the deaths of three individuals linked to the Pahalgam attack in Jammu and Kashmir.
Prelims pointers (4)
FactRed Fort attack on November 9 resulted in 15 deaths.
PostMohammed Masood Azhar Alvi is identified as a JeM leader who established a women-only wing.
BodyThe UNSC sanctions monitoring team is thebody that reported the JeM claims.
PlacePahalgam attack occurred in Jammu and Kashmir.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges faced by India in ensuring the effective implementation of UNSC resolutions against cross-border terrorism and the role of international monitoring in curbing such activities.
Institutional bottleneck: Difficulty in verifying non-state actor claims in the public domain
Why in news: The Ministry of Home Affairs directed armed forces to use indigenous dog breeds, leading the Assam Rifles to initiate a pilot project incorporating Manipur's Tangkhul Hui and Tamil Nadu's Kombai breeds.
The Assam Rifles, established in 1835, is inducting two males and eight females of the Kombai breed from Tamil Nadu in April. The project aims for full integration of these indigenous breeds by March 2027 to phase out foreign breeds.
Prelims pointers (4)
BodyAssam Rifles: An armed force established in 1835.
FactKombai breed: Indigenous dog breed from Tamil Nadu.
FactTangkhul Hui: Indigenous dog breed from Manipur.
FactMHA Directive: Issued in 2025 to prioritize Indian dog breeds in armed forces squads.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the strategic and ecological significance of promoting indigenous breeds over foreign breeds in the operational capabilities of India's internal security forces.
Ecological preservation: Protecting indigenous genetic diversity against the influx of exotic breeds
Operational suitability: Adaptation of local breeds to specific Indian terrains and climatic conditions
Self-reliance: Reducing dependency on imported canine breeds for specialized security tasks
Why in news: Vice Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Nagesh Kapoor, highlighted the Rafale's role in Operation Sindoor and advocated for the acquisition of more Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) for the IAF.
The IAF is considering acquiring more Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) following Operation Sindoor. The upcoming Vayu Shakti exercise will feature integrated operations with the Army involving 277 weapons, explosives, and advanced systems.
Prelims pointers (3)
S&TMRFA: Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft are being considered for acquisition by the IAF.
FactVayu Shakti exercise will involve the use of 277 weapons, explosives, and advanced systems.
S&TAircraft participating in Vayu Shakti include Rafale, Su-30MKI, Mirage-2000, MiG-29, Jaguar, and LCA Tejas.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the strategic importance of Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) in modernizing India's air defense capabilities against asymmetric and conventional threats.
Operational versatility: Capability of a single platform to perform air superiority, ground attack, and reconnaissance missions.
Indigenization vs. Acquisition: Balancing the procurement of advanced foreign platforms with the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' push for LCA Tejas.
Why in news: The Odisha government announced a revised surrender and rehabilitation scheme for Maoists to provide financial incentives for mainstreaming, aiming to reduce LWE activities by March 31, 2026.
The scheme provides rewards to surrendered left-wing extremists (LWEs) based on their rank and involvement level, regardless of their home state. It follows a November 2022 revision by the Union Home Ministry that increased financial incentives for surrendering LWEs.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactOdisha government target: Reduce Maoist activities by March 31, 2026
FactUnion Home Ministry revision: Increased financial incentives for surrendering LWEs in November 2022
FactEligibility: Rewards apply to surrendered LWEs regardless of whether they are native to Odisha
Mains angle
Q. Examine the efficacy of financial incentives and rehabilitation schemes in neutralizing Left-Wing Extremism in India's tribal heartlands.
Incentive structure: Balancing financial rewards with long-term socio-economic integration and skill development
Inter-state coordination: Challenges in rehabilitating non-native LWEs and tracking cross-border extremist movements
Why in news: The Indian government released the draft 'Defence Acquisition Procedure-2026' (DAP) for public comment to align procurement with geo-strategic shifts and prioritize domestic manufacturing.
The draft DAP-2026 aims to accelerate acquisition processes and integrate modern technology into defense procurement. It specifically focuses on 'Buy Indian' initiatives to support 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' goals.
Prelims pointers (3)
SchemeDefence Acquisition Procedure (DAP): A framework for the procurement of defense equipment and services in India.
FactPublic comment period for the draft DAP-2026 ends on March 3rd.
FactThe DAP-2026 draft prioritizes 'Buy Indian' initiatives to support domestic manufacturing.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the Defence Acquisition Procedure-2026 aligns India's defense procurement with the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative and evolving geo-strategic challenges.
Strategic autonomy: Reducing import dependency to ensure rapid response to geo-strategic shifts
Industrial growth: Leveraging 'Buy Indian' to foster a robust domestic defense manufacturing ecosystem
Technological integration: Balancing rapid procurement cycles with the integration of emerging defense technologies
Why in news: The Kerala High Court ruled that a soldier is entitled to a disability pension even after voluntary discharge if their chronic disability was acquired or aggravated during military service.
The court ruled in favor of B. Manikuttan, whose bronchial asthma was diagnosed after a 1994 deployment in Jammu and Kashmir. The court ordered authorities to pay his arrears within three months.
Prelims pointers (3)
PostB. Manikuttan: Soldier entitled to disability pension by Kerala High Court
Fact1994: Year of deployment in Jammu and Kashmir leading to bronchial asthma diagnosis
PlaceJammu and Kashmir: Location of deployment where disability was aggravated
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the importance of ensuring comprehensive welfare and disability benefits for ex-servicemen to maintain morale and social security within the armed forces.
Institutional accountability: Ensuring medical boards accurately link chronic conditions to specific military deployments
Legal protection: Judicial oversight in rectifying administrative delays in pension disbursement for disabled veterans
Keywords: Ex-servicemen welfare · Disability pension · Judicial activism · Military service conditions · Social security
Why in news: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs appointed retired IPS officer Ajit Lal as the Northeast Adviser to lead peace talks with Naga and Kuki-Zo insurgent groups.
Ajit Lal, a retired IPS officer, replaces A.K Mishra as the Northeast Adviser to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. He is tasked with leading Naga peace talks and continuing dialogues with Kuki-Zo and Meitei insurgent groups in Manipur.
Prelims pointers (3)
PostAjit Lal: Appointed as the Northeast Adviser to the Union Ministry of Home Affairs
FactA.K Mishra served as the Northeast Adviser since 2021
FactThe Northeast Adviser's role involves leading Naga peace talks and dialogues with Kuki-Zo and Meitei insurgent groups
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the complexities of the Naga peace process and the role of the Northeast Adviser in managing internal security and ethnic conflicts in Manipur.
Institutional bottleneck: Balancing the demands of the SoO pact with Kuki-Zo insurgents against local ethnic violence
Security-Development nexus: The challenge of transitioning from insurgent dialogue to sustainable peace in Manipur
Why in news: The Union Government amended the ex-servicemen re-employment rules to formally include Military Nursing Service (MNS) personnel, granting them access to government job reservations and age relaxations.
The amendment covers all ranks within the Regular Army, Navy, Air Force, and MNS. It ensures MNS veterans receive priority in recruitment processes and age relaxations previously unavailable to them.
Prelims pointers (3)
BodyMilitary Nursing Service (MNS) personnel are now officially included under ex-servicemen re-employment rules.
FactThe amendment covers all ranks within the Regular Army, Navy, Air Force, and MNS.
FactBenefits include reservation in government jobs, age relaxation, and recruitment priority.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of including Military Nursing Service personnel in ex-servicemen re-employment rules for ensuring social justice and institutional recognition of nursing officers.
Institutional recognition: Addressing the historical exclusion of MNS officers from standard ex-servicemen benefits
Policy parity: Aligning benefits for commissioned nursing officers with regular combatant ranks
Social security: Ensuring post-service livelihood stability for specialized healthcare personnel
Why in news: Tangkhul Naga community members in Ukhrul, Manipur, clashed with security forces and torched houses following an alleged assault, leading to a five-day internet suspension by the Manipur government.
The Manipur government suspended internet services for five days as a preventive measure following clashes in Ukhrul. Two Tangkhul Naga organizations banned the movement of Kukis in Ukhrul and Kamjong districts.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlaceUkhrul and Kamjong are districts in the state of Manipur
FactInternet services were suspended for a period of five days by the Manipur government
FactTwo Tangkhul Naga organizations issued a ban on the movement of Kukis in specific districts
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in maintaining internal security and communal harmony in Manipur, highlighting the role of digital communication and movement restrictions in conflict management.
Communication blackout: Balancing public safety with the right to information and emergency communication
Movement restrictions: Legal and humanitarian implications of community-led bans on ethnic groups
Security infrastructure: Challenges in managing volatile ethnic flashpoints in remote hill districts
Why in news: Manipur police arrested three members of the banned Kangleipak Communist Party (Apunba) for their alleged involvement in a bomb explosion in Imphal West district.
Three militants were apprehended in Imphal East and West districts carrying a pistol and ammunition. The explosion occurred on February 7th in the Imphal West district of Manipur.
Prelims pointers (3)
FactKangleipak Communist Party (Apunba) is a banned organization in Manipur.
PlaceThe bomb explosion occurred in the Imphal West district of Manipur.
FactSecurity forces have been conducting search operations in Manipur since May 2023.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges in maintaining internal security and communal harmony in Manipur amidst ongoing ethnic violence and insurgentactivities.
Intelligence gap: Difficulty in tracking banned militant groups operating within ethnically polarized zones
Security-Development trade-off: Balancing intensive search operations with the restoration of normalcy for local residents
Keywords: internal security · insurgency · ethnic violence · law and order · counter-terrorism
Why in news: Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired a security review meeting in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, to evaluate the progress and strategies against Left-Wing Extremism (LWE).
The meeting in Raipur included the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister, Deputy Chief Minister, and directors general of the CRPF, BSF, ITBP, and NIA. Since January 2024, over 500 Maoists have been killed, with thousands surrendering or being arrested in the state.
Prelims pointers (2)
FactOver 500 Maoists killed in Chhattisgarh since January 2024
PlaceRaipur, Chhattisgarh, was the venue for the security review meeting
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the multi-agency approach and the role of security forces in neutralizing Left-Wing Extremism in the 'Red Corridor' of India.
Inter-agency coordination: Synchronizing intelligence sharing between NIA, CRPF, and state police forces
Developmental nexus: Balancing kinetic security operations with infrastructure growth in Maoist-affected regions
Why in news: Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi visited Jammu and Kashmir to review counter-terrorism operations and discuss the infusion of advanced technology in security measures.
General Upendra Dwivedi, the Army Chief, conducted a review of the security grid and operational preparedness in the Poonch and Rajouri districts of Jammu and Kashmir. He met with Home Minister Amit Shah to assess counter-terrorism efforts and the effectiveness of current security measures.
Prelims pointers (3)
PlacePoonch and Rajouri are districts in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
PostGeneral Upendra Dwivedi is the current Chief of the Army Staff (Army Chief).
FactThe review focused on the infusion of advanced technology into counter-terrorism operations.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of technological integration in enhancing counter-terrorism operations in conflict-prone regions like Jammu and Kashmir.
Technological parity: Balancing surveillance capabilities with the need to prevent sophisticated insurgent tactics
Operational synergy: Coordinating intelligence and kinetic actions between the Indian Army and Home Ministry
Data security: Ensuring integrity of surveillance data against cyber-interference by non-state actors
Why in news: The Karbi Anglong District Commissioner ordered three individuals declared foreigners by a Foreigners’ Tribunal in Assam to leave India within 24 hours.
The orders were issued under the Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act of 1950 based on judgments from 2006 and 2007. Authorities were directed to confiscate property, delete names from electoral rolls, and cancel ration cards and welfare scheme benefits.
Prelims pointers (4)
Act / BillImmigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act of 1950
PlaceKarbi Anglong District: Location of the Foreigners' Tribunal order
FactIndividuals ordered to exit via Dhubri, Sribhumi, or South Salmara-Mankachar districts
BodyForeigners' Tribunal: Body responsible for declaring individuals as foreigners in Assam
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the legal and administrative mechanisms involved in identifying and expelling illegal immigrants in border states like Assam.
Legal framework: Application of the Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act of 1950 in identifying non-citizens
Administrative integration: Coordination between Foreigners' Tribunals and district authorities for asset and welfare revocation
Identity management: Challenges in maintaining accurate electoral rolls and ration card databases in border regions
Why in news: The State of Karnataka announced the establishment of the Karnataka Cybercrime Coordination Centre (K4C) to streamline law enforcement response and address cybercrimes targeting women and children.
The K4C is modeled after the Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C). It will serve as a hub for complaint filing, trend analysis, and early warning systems for cyber-related issues.
Prelims pointers (4)
BodyK4C: Karnataka Cybercrime Coordination Centre established by the State of Karnataka
BodyI4C: Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (the model for K4C)
FactK4C functions include trend analysis and acting as an early warning system for cybercrimes
FactK4C will specifically focus on crimes targeting women and children
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the institutional requirements for a robust state-level cybercrime coordination framework to protect vulnerable demographics from evolving digital threats.
Inter-agency friction: Coordinating disparate law enforcement data across different state and central agencies
Technological gap: Requirement for real-time trend analysis and early warning systems against sophisticated cyber-threats
Victim-centric approach: Addressing specific vulnerabilities of women and children in digital spaces
Keywords: Cybersecurity · Law Enforcement Coordination · Early Warning System · Digital Crime · Public Awareness
Why in news: 51 Maoists with a collective reward of ₹1.61 crore surrendered in Chhattisgarh's Bastar division during the Bastar Pandum 2026 festival.
The surrender of 51 Maoists brought the total number of surrenders in Chhattisgarh to approximately 300 in 2026. The surrender process was facilitated by the 'Poona Margem' rehabilitation initiative and the state's anti-Maoist policy.
Prelims pointers (4)
Fact51 Maoists surrendered with a total reward value of ₹1.61 crore in Bastar division.
FactTotal Maoist surrenders in Chhattisgarh reached approximately 300 in 2026.
SchemePoona Margem: A rehabilitation initiative for surrendered Maoists in Chhattisgarh.
PlaceBastar division: The primary region for Maoist activity in Chhattisgarh.
Mains angle
Q. Analyze how a combination of security measures and developmental initiatives contributes to the shrinking of Maoist influence in India's tribal heartlands.
Developmental synergy: Integration of infrastructure and connectivity to reduce geographical isolation of tribal belts
Rehabilitation efficacy: Impact of structured surrender policies like Poona Margem on breaking insurgent cycles
Security-Development nexus: Balancing kinetic security operations with socio-economic upliftment to address root causes of radicalization
Why in news: President Droupadi Murmu highlighted the government's decisive action against Maoists in Bastar, Chhattisgarh, as a catalyst for ending fear and enabling regional development.
President Murmu noted that the return of peace in Bastar is attributed to Naxalite surrenders and government commitments to support those renouncing violence. She emphasized the region's rich culture and the transition from distrust to development.
Prelims pointers (2)
PlaceBastar: A region in Chhattisgarh state known for significant Maoist/Naxalite activity
FactGovernment policy includes support for Naxalites who surrender and renounce violence
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of internal security measures in fostering socio-economic development in Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) affected regions like Bastar.
Developmental friction: Balancing infrastructure expansion with the preservation of indigenous cultural heritage
Security-Development nexus: Transitioning from kinetic operations to community-led democratic governance
Rehabilitation hurdles: Ensuring sustainable livelihoods for surrendered Maoists to prevent recidivism
Why in news: The Union Home Minister, ENPO, and Nagaland Government signed a tripartite agreement to establish the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority to address autonomy and development demands in Eastern Nagaland.
A tripartite agreement was signed on February 5, 2026, in Delhi between the Union Home Ministry, the Nagaland Government, and the Eastern Nagaland People’s Organisation (ENPO). The Home Ministry will provide funding and support for the new authority.
Prelims pointers (4)
BodyFrontier Nagaland Territorial Authority: A body established to address autonomy and development in Eastern Nagaland.
FactThe agreement was signed on February 5, 2026, in Delhi.
PostAmit Shah: Union Home Minister of India.
FactThe Home Ministry is the primary funding body for the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of territorial authorities in addressing the aspirations of border regions and ensuring internal security in Northeast India.
Administrative decentralization: Balancing regional autonomy demands with the overarching requirements of national security and border integrity.
Developmental parity: Addressing infrastructure and economic disparities in frontier zones to mitigate secessionist sentiments.
Why in news: Twelve Maoist cadres, including eight women with a collective bounty of ₹46 lakh, surrendered to the Bastar police in Chhattisgarh's Bijapur district under the 'Poona Margem' initiative.
Twelve Maoist cadres surrendered in Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh, on February 5, 2026. The group surrendered weapons and explosives under the Bastar police's 'Poona Margem' (rehabilitation to social reintegration) initiative, with each individual eligible for ₹50,000 in immediate assistance.
Prelims pointers (4)
FactA collective bounty of ₹46 lakh was associated with the 12 surrendered Maoist cadres.
SchemePoona Margem is the Bastar police initiative for rehabilitation to social reintegration.
FactEach surrendering Maoist is eligible for immediate assistance of ₹50,000.
PlaceThe surrender took place in the Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh.
Mains angle
Q. Examine how the combination of security operations and developmental schemes contributes to the declining influence of Left Wing Extremism in India's tribal heartlands.
Developmental synergy: Improved road connectivity and government schemes reducing the vacuum for insurgent influence
Rehabilitation efficacy: Transitioning from security-centric operations to social reintegration models for surrendered cadres
Keywords: Left Wing Extremism · Social Reintegration · Internal Security · Developmental Strategy · Counter-insurgency