Science & Technology in News — April 2026

1. o1 reasoning model: An AI model tested for clinical reasoning in emergency triage. · 30 Apr · GS3 · note
2. RBI proposed measures include a one-hour lag on account-to-account transactions · 30 Apr · GS3 · note
3. RBI proposed additional authentication for high-value payments · 30 Apr · GS3 · note
4. La Niña: Associated with cooler conditions that helped mitigate fires in 2025 · 29 Apr · GS3 · note
5. El Niño: Identified as a future threat to tropical forest stability · 29 Apr · GS3 · note
6. Anthropic: A company developing the AI system Mythos. · 29 Apr · GS3 · note
7. The surveillance system utilizes a hybrid model of normal cameras and thermal sensing. · 29 Apr · GS3 · note
8. The system provides real-time alerts and reports on wildlife movement patterns to a central control room. · 29 Apr · GS3 · note
9. HAFNIUM: A global cyber campaign allegedly linked to Chinese intelligence services. · 28 Apr · GS2 · note
10. Phthalates and PFAS are identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) linked to reproductive issues. · 26 Apr · GS3 · note
11. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can impact environmental sex determination in various species. · 26 Apr · GS3 · note
12. SpaceX and Blue Origin are private companies involved in US lunar mission efforts. · 26 Apr · GS3 · note
13. EO-3: Pakistan's indigenous electro-optical satellite · 25 Apr · GS2 · note
14. Counterpoint Research: Organization where Marc Einstein serves as research director · 24 Apr · GS3 · note
15. Sahyog portal: A mechanism used by Indian police to request content takedowns from social media platforms. · 24 Apr · GS3 · note
16. El Nino: Characterized by rising sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. · 24 Apr · GS3 · note
17. Climate Change Impact: Amplifies the effects of El Nino events rather than increasing their frequency or intensity. · 24 Apr · GS3 · note
18. Composite Backwardness Index (CBI) is the novel metric used to measure caste-based inequality in the report. · 24 Apr · GS1 · note
19. Payload specialist: Role assigned to one Pakistani candidate for the spaceflight mission · 23 Apr · GS2 · note
20. Ukraine plans to use cheaper drone systems to counter Russian aggression · 23 Apr · GS2 · note
21. Suparco: Pakistan's national space agency responsible for astronaut training coordination. · 22 Apr · GS2 · note
22. Astronaut Centre of China (ACC): The facility designated for advanced astronaut training. · 22 Apr · GS2 · note
23. Research focus: Material science and biotechnology experiments in space. · 22 Apr · GS2 · note
24. Roman Space Telescope: A $4 billion NASA project designed to study dark matter and dark energy. · 22 Apr · GS3 · note
25. The telescope has a diameter of 12 meters. · 22 Apr · GS3 · note
26. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES): Chemicals used in the new biofuel conversion process. · 20 Apr · GS3 · note
27. Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL): The specific process used to convert sugarcane residue into bio-oil. · 20 Apr · GS3 · note
28. The initiative focuses on using AI and large-scale brain aging datasets for early detection of cognitive decline · 20 Apr · GS3 · note
29. Bio-treatment systems: Required for pollution prevention in houseboats · 20 Apr · GS3 · note
30. RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) is being transported to a private cement company in Coimbatore · 18 Apr · GS3 · note
31. Madhava Supercomputing Facility: Established at IIT Palakkad for advanced computational research · 17 Apr · GS3 · note
32. NMR Spectrometer: A 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer was established at IIT Palakkad · 17 Apr · GS3 · note
33. Mythos: An AI model developed by Anthropic known for exposing vulnerabilities in operating systems and browsers. · 17 Apr · GS3 · note
34. Molecular shields: Biological mechanisms identified to protect essential processes against shockwaves and chemical toxicity. · 16 Apr · GS3 · note
35. OIST: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology conducted the research · 16 Apr · GS3 · note
36. Artemis missions: NASA's lunar exploration program utilizing this space weather data · 16 Apr · GS3 · note
37. Hedging costs and currency risk are primary deterrents for Indian firms seeking offshore funding. · 16 Apr · GS3 · note
38. Titanium alloy: Known for high strength and corrosion resistance · 15 Apr · GS3 · note
39. F414: Jet engine intended for use in future combat aircraft · 14 Apr · GS3 · note
40. Mitochondrial DNA analysis: Used alongside morphological examination to confirm the species' distinction. · 14 Apr · GS3 · note
41. The Act introduces a unique 'Bhudhar' number for every survey number to clarify land ownership. · 13 Apr · GS2 · note
42. El Nino is cited as a primary climatic concern for the 2026 monsoon forecast. · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
43. High-resolution CCTV cameras and GPS systems were proposed by the Supreme Court as monitoring tools · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
44. The project utilizes a solar pump system to power the water supply infrastructure. · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
45. Molten regolith electrolysis: A process to extract oxygen, metals, and solar panel materials from lunar soil. · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
46. Raman Research Lab is a facility at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Hyderabad. · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
47. Onshore forward contracts are being used by MNC banks as a mechanism for hedging against rupee depreciation · 13 Apr · GS3 · note
48. Artemis II: NASA's mission to return humans to lunar orbit and eventually the surface. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
49. 1S and 1Q: Names of the two advanced quantum computer test beds being unveiled. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
50. Artemis II: A crewed test flight mission by NASA to the lunar vicinity. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
51. Optical communications system: Developed by NASA to enable live streaming of space missions. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
52. Artemis II: A NASA mission involving a lunar rocket launch. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
53. Gospel and Lavender: AI systems used by the Israeli military for target identification. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
54. Automation bias: A risk in AI warfare where systems may prioritize automated outputs over human judgment. · 12 Apr · GS3 · note
55. Artemis II: The first crewed lunar voyage since 1972. · 11 Apr · GS3 · note
56. Orion capsule: The spacecraft used for the Artemis lunar missions. · 11 Apr · GS3 · note
57. Artemis III: Scheduled to test human landing systems on the moon next year. · 11 Apr · GS3 · note
58. Master-feeder structures must now ensure both funds individually satisfy broad-based requirements. · 11 Apr · GS3 · note
59. Artemis II: NASA mission involving a 10-day lunar flyby and deep-space system testing · 11 Apr · GS2 · note
60. Orion capsule: Spacecraft used for the Artemis missions and splashed down near San Diego · 11 Apr · GS2 · note
61. Planned crewed lunar landing: Scheduled for 2028 · 11 Apr · GS2 · note
62. New construction at these sites includes a dome with advanced containment systems. · 10 Apr · GS2 · note
63. The upgrade includes a new encryption mechanism for order processing · 10 Apr · GS3 · note
64. The government cites the need to curb fake news, hate speech, and deepfakes as reasons for the amendments. · 10 Apr · GS2 · note
65. Sampradaya: Defined in the ruling as a shared theological understanding and community adherence to worship practices. · 10 Apr · GS1 · note
66. Memristors: Electronic components that can store data like biological neurons without continuous power. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
67. Quasi-2D perovskite: Semiconductor materials being integrated with DNA for next-generation computing. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
68. Artificial light proliferation is linked to urbanization, electrification, and technological advancements in lighting. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
69. Solar fencing: Mitigation measure used by forest officials to deter wildlife. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
70. Elephant Proof Trenches (EPT): Physical barriers used to manage human-wildlife conflict. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
71. Super El Niño: Characterized by exceptionally high sea surface temperatures in key Pacific regions · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
72. ENSO-neutral: The transitional state between La Niña and El Niño conditions · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
73. GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the condition treated via the robotic telesurgery. · 9 Apr · GS3 · note
74. ART: Assisted Reproductive Technology services are subject to state-level licensing and oversight. · 8 Apr · GS2 · note
75. Wet-bulb temperature is the traditional limit used to determine non-survivable heat conditions. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
76. Claude Mythos: An AI model capable of exposing software vulnerabilities in common applications · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
77. Artemis II: A NASA mission involving a lunar flyby and a four-member crew. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
78. Orion: The spacecraft used by the Artemis II crew to capture the 'Earthset' image. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
79. Apollo 8: The 1968 mission that captured the iconic 'Earthrise' photograph. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
80. Digital Water Stack: Initiative using space technology and AI-based satellite surveillance for groundwater monitoring · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
81. The AI tool identifies heart failure risk by analyzing fat around the heart for inflammation and unhealthy tissue. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
82. PFBR: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor uses liquid sodium as a coolant. · 8 Apr · GS3 · note
83. Space Launch System (SLS): The rocket used for the Artemis mission. · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
84. PBFR: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor designed to produce more fuel than it consumes · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
85. Artemis II: NASA mission involving astronauts on a flyby of the Moon · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
86. Earthset: An image showing Earth peeking out from behind a lunar crater · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
87. Gaganyaan: India's human spaceflight mission · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
88. Dual-use technologies: Space technologies capable of both civilian and military/surveillance applications · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
89. Artemis II mission: First crewed voyage to the moon's vicinity since Apollo missions · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
90. Lunar features observed: Impact flashes and craters named Integrity and Wiseman's wife's honor · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
91. LLMs: Large Language Models like ChatGPT are a primary focus of US AI development. · 7 Apr · GS3 · note
92. The strikes specifically targeted petrochemical complexes and gas facilities. · 7 Apr · GS2 · note
93. The Orion spacecraft is used for the Artemis mission to travel around the far side of the moon. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
94. A 'free-return trajectory' is the path used by the spacecraft to return to Earth after lunar orbit. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
95. Orion: The spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis II mission. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
96. Artemis II mission objective: First flyby of the moon's far side in over half a century. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
97. Orion spacecraft: Used for deep-space operations and lunar flyby missions. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
98. ECLSS: Environmental Control and Life Support System tested for deep-space operations. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
99. Six sigma manufacturing practices are highlighted for ensuring quality control and reliability in the semiconductor sector. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
100. Solar-powered health facilities are identified as a strategy to build climate resilience in healthcare. · 6 Apr · GS2 · note
101. Orion spacecraft: Designed for both living and working in space during lunar missions. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
102. Crew module: A pressurized compartment within the Orion capsule providing space for up to four members. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
103. European Service Module: Provides essential water and power supplies for the Orion spacecraft. · 6 Apr · GS3 · note
104. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) identified as a key area for indigenous research · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
105. Mission MITRA: ISRO project to study crew behavior in simulated space-like conditions · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
106. Orion spacecraft: The vehicle used for the Artemis II mission to transport crew around the Moon. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
107. Streptococcus pneumoniae: The bacterium responsible for pneumonia and other deadly illnesses. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
108. Multiepitope vaccine: A vaccine designed to target multiple epitopes (antigenic sites) of a pathogen. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
109. Reflect Orbital and SpaceX are the entities proposing reflective satellite networks. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
110. F-15E: A multi-role fighter aircraft used by the United States military. · 5 Apr · GS2 · note
111. Shams: Saudi Arabian satellite designed for space weather and solar activity monitoring · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
112. Artemis II: NASA mission involving the inclusion of the Shams satellite · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
113. Gujarat High Court AI policy prohibits AI use in judgment drafting and sentencing. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
114. AI is permitted for administrative tasks like research and case management under the new policy. · 5 Apr · GS3 · note
115. Semiconductor growth is currently fueled by the rising demand for AI and electronics. · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
116. The indigenous bomb is designed to be similar to the Mk-84 aerial bomb. · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
117. Artemis II: A NASA mission aimed at paving the way for future human landings on the moon · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
118. Bharatiya Antariksh Station: India's planned space station project · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
119. Orion: The spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis lunar missions. · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
120. Free-return trajectory: A flight path that uses the Moon's gravity to return the spacecraft to Earth. · 4 Apr · GS3 · note
121. The submarine is capable of carrying up to 24 K-15 Sagarika missiles. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
122. Mission MITRA: A study to assess crew safety and performance for human spaceflight under high-altitude conditions. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
123. Gaganyaan: India's human spaceflight program aiming to launch a crew of three astronauts to an orbit of 400 km. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
124. Hayabusa2: A Japanese space mission that collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
125. Purines and Pyrimidines: Chemical components found in a balanced ratio in Ryugu's asteroid dust. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
126. Orion spacecraft: The vehicle used by NASA for the Artemis missions to transport crew to the Moon. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
127. Trans-lunar injection: The maneuver used to propel a spacecraft from Earth orbit toward the Moon. · 3 Apr · GS3 · note
128. NATM: New Austrian Tunnelling Method used for excavation and construction of the MAHSR tunnel. · 2 Apr · GS3 · note
129. Maven Smart System: An AI platform used by the US military for targeting decisions. · 2 Apr · GS2 · note
130. Artemis II: NASA mission to orbit the Moon using the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket · 2 Apr · GS3 · note
131. Orion spacecraft: Spacecraft used in the Artemis missions to carry astronauts · 2 Apr · GS3 · note
132. Orion: The spacecraft used for the Artemis II lunar flyby mission. · 2 Apr · GS3 · note
133. The 2027 census utilizes a digital process to facilitate online self-enumeration and faster data publication. · 2 Apr · GS1 · note
134. ASW SWC features waterjet propulsion, torpedoes, and anti-submarine rockets · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
135. Americium-241: Nuclear isotope with a half-life of 433 years for space batteries · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
136. Plutonium-238: Current isotope used in space nuclear batteries with an 88-year half-life · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
137. Los Alamos National Laboratory: Research body evaluating production and safety of Americium-241 · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
138. Artemis II: NASA mission to send a crew of four astronauts into lunar orbit. · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
139. Transporter-16: A SpaceX mission deploying 119 payloads into Sun-Synchronous orbit · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
140. MagQuest: An NGA project contributing data to the World Magnetic Model · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
141. UK Quantum Communication satellite: Aimed at developing a secure quantum internet · 1 Apr · GS3 · note
142. The 2027 Census is India's first fully digital census. · 1 Apr · GS1 · note

How these notes are made