Why does India want fast breeder nuclear reactors?
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Nuclear & new energy technology· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
The prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam achieved criticality on April 6, marking a milestone in India's three-stage nuclear power program.
Background
The PFBR was designed by the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd. It utilizes liquid sodium as a coolant to achieve higher efficiency despite operational challenges.
Facts for Prelims
- S&TPFBR: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor uses liquid sodium as a coolant.
- BodyIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research: Organization responsible for designing the PFBR.
- BodyBharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd.: Entity responsible for constructing the PFBR.
- BodyAtomic Energy Regulatory Board: Body responsible for granting commercial operation approval.
- PlaceKalpakkam: Location of the prototype fast breeder reactor.
For Mains
Q. Examine how the development of fast breeder reactors contributes to India's long-term energy security and its three-stage nuclear power program.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Fuel security: Transitioning from natural uranium to plutonium and thorium cycles
- Technical hurdles: Managing operational complexities of liquid sodium coolant systems
- Regulatory framework: Balancing rapid nuclear expansion with safety oversight by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
Keywords: Three-stage nuclear program · Fast Breeder Reactor · Energy Security · Liquid Sodium Coolant · Nuclear Criticality
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