Constitution in News — July 2026

1. Judicial appointments are governed by the Collegium system and the Memorandum of Procedure. · 31 Jul · GS2 · note
2. The Election Commission's independence is vital for the conduct of free and fair elections. · 31 Jul · GS2 · note
3. Fundamental Rights: The court cited infringement of these rights as a ground for setting aside the orders. · 30 Jul · GS2 · note
4. Article 21: Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, including the right to a speedy trial. · 29 Jul · GS2 · note
5. Right to peaceful protest is derived from Article 19(1)(a) (Freedom of Speech) and Article 19(1)(b) (Freedom of Assembly). · 28 Jul · GS2 · note
6. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, which must be satisfied during the creation of special courts. · 28 Jul · GS2 · note
7. Article 14: Principle of equality and non-arbitrariness used to strike down the cess. · 28 Jul · GS3 · note
8. Tenth Schedule: Added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985, to prevent political defections. · 27 Jul · GS2 · note
9. Right to peaceful protest is a fundamental right derived from Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(b) · 27 Jul · GS2 · note
10. Article 75: Outlines the appointment, tenure, and resignation of Ministers in the Union. · 25 Jul · GS2 · note
11. Presumption of Innocence: A fundamental principle where an accused is considered innocent until proven guilty by a court of law. · 25 Jul · GS2 · note
12. Article 14: Guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws. · 25 Jul · GS3 · note
13. Article 44: Directs the State to secure for citizens a Uniform Civil Code · 25 Jul · GS2 · note
14. Article 44 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code for all citizens. · 23 Jul · GS2 · note
15. Article 136: Grants the Supreme Court the power to grant Special Leave to Appeal (SLP) against any judgment or order. · 22 Jul · GS2 · note
16. Reservation for Scheduled Castes is a constitutional provision under Article 15 and 16. · 22 Jul · GS2 · note
17. Article 226: Grants High Courts the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for other purposes. · 20 Jul · GS2 · note
18. Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, interpreted to include the right to education. · 20 Jul · GS2 · note
19. Article 16(4A) provides for reservation in matters of promotion for any and all employees. · 20 Jul · GS2 · note
20. Part XXI of the Constitution of India provides for the administration of Scheduled Tribes. · 19 Jul · GS2 · note
21. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. · 17 Jul · GS2 · note
22. Article 21 protects the right to life and personal liberty, including bodily autonomy. · 17 Jul · GS2 · note
23. Article 19(1)(a) guarantees the freedom of speech and expression. · 17 Jul · GS2 · note
24. Article 19(1)(b) guarantees the right to assemble peaceably and without arms. · 17 Jul · GS2 · note
25. The 50% cap on reservations was established by the Supreme Court in the Indra Sawhney case (1992). · 17 Jul · GS2 · note
26. Article 32 of the Indian Constitution provides the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. · 15 Jul · GS2 · note
27. Delimitation of constituencies is governed by the provisions of the Constitution of India and the Delimitation Act. · 15 Jul · GS2 · note
28. Article 371 provides special provisions for various states, including Ladakh's current administrative framework. · 14 Jul · GS2 · note
29. Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides that any person arrested must be informed of the grounds of such arrest. · 9 Jul · GS2 · note
30. Rule of Law: A fundamental principle ensuring that all individuals and institutions are subject to and accountable to law. · 8 Jul · GS2 · note
31. Article 19(1)(g) guarantees the right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business. · 4 Jul · GS2 · note
32. Right to freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. · 4 Jul · GS2 · note
33. Article 371: Provides special provisions for various states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, and others. · 3 Jul · GS2 · note
34. Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, including the right to move freely. · 3 Jul · GS2 · note
35. Right to Information (RTI) is derived from Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. · 2 Jul · GS2 · note
36. Article 22 of the Indian Constitution provides protection against arbitrary arrest and detention. · 2 Jul · GS2 · note
37. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are governed by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. · 1 Jul · GS2 · note

How these notes are made