Harlequin Frogs Lose Toxic Defense in Captivity, Study Shows
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Biodiversity & conservation· Prelims·
Why in news
A study by UC Berkeley and PARC reveals that Harlequin frogs lose their toxic skin defense in captivity, complicating conservation efforts against the chytrid fungus.
Background
81% of Harlequin frog species (Atelopus) are in decline, with 56% possibly extinct. Research shows captive-born frogs lack tetrodotoxin, a key defense against predators. The Harlequin Toad Conservation Action Plan (HarleCAP) is a 20-year initiative to save these species.
Facts for Prelims
- EnvironmentHarlequin frogs (Atelopus) are known for their toxic skin defense.
- EnvironmentChytrid fungus is a major driver of amphibian population decline globally.
- Fact56% of Harlequin frog species are currently classified as possibly extinct.
- S&TTetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin used by certain species as a chemical defense.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the challenges faced in ex-situ conservation of endangered amphibians and the role of biological defenses in species survival.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- impact of captive breeding on genetic/biological traits
- threat of chytrid fungus
- role of HarleCAP in long-term conservation
- biotechnology interventions for toxin restoration
Keywords: ex-situ conservation · biodiversity loss · chemical defense · chytrid fungus · species extinction
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