Economists Rajeer Jat and Bharat Ramaswami published a study in the Journal of Development

Economists Rajeer Jat and Bharat Ramaswami published a study in the Journal of Development Economics using Reserve Bank of India KLEMS data from 1999 to 2024. It found that 63% to 75% of non-farm workers are in informal industries with productivity indistinguishable from agriculture. Jat suggests expanding education and healthcare to help migrants move into formal, high-productivity sectors like Information Technology or finance.