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VOL. I · EST. 11.2025 
SatyaDheesh
सत्याधीश
India's Ground Truth Record
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What election rules miss about shadow campaigns in India

GS2Polity · Governance · IR· Elections, ECI & electoral reforms· Mains·

Why in news

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is facing challenges in regulating 'shadow campaigns' where third-party actors and influencers outspend political parties in digital advertisements.

Background

A study using Meta's Ads Library revealed that third-party actors outspent political parties and candidates in digital campaigns. Current ECI directives require pre-certification for political ads and disclosure of social media spending by parties.

Facts for Prelims

  • BodyElection Commission of India (ECI) is the body responsible for regulating political advertisements and campaign spending.
  • FactThird-party actors were found to outspend parties and candidates in digital campaigns according to Meta's Ads Library study.
  • FactCurrent ECI directives require pre-certification for political advertisements and disclosure of social media spending by political parties.

For Mains

Q. Critically analyze the limitations of current electoral regulations in addressing the influence of third-party actors and shadow campaigns in digital campaigning.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

  • Transparency gap: Difficulty in tracking funding sources for third-party influencers and non-formal entities
  • Regulatory lag: Current ECI framework focuses on party-led spending rather than independent digital actors
  • Accountability deficit: Potential for anonymous financing of advertisements on official party pages

Keywords: Shadow campaigns · Digital transparency · Third-party actors · Electoral integrity · Regulatory framework

Read the full news →Report a mistake in this noteHow notes are madeSource: The Hindu ↗Also: GS2 · Transparency, accountability & RTI

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