How the Aravalli Hills formed and why they look the way they do

Why in news

Geological analysis of the Aravalli Hills highlights their formation from sedimentary layers and subsequent metamorphic changes due to tectonic forces.

Background

The Aravalli Hills consist of two major rock successions: the older Aravalli Supergroup and the younger Delhi Supergroup. These were formed from sand, mud, and carbonate sediments deposited in basins, which underwent folding and metamorphic changes under heat and pressure.

Facts for Prelims

• PlaceAravalli Hills: Formed from ancient sedimentary layers deformed by tectonic forces
• FactAravalli Supergroup: The older rock succession in the region
• FactDelhi Supergroup: The younger rock succession in the region
• S&TMetamorphic changes: Resulted from intense heat and pressure on folded sediments

For Mains

Q. Discuss how the geological composition of the Aravalli Hills influences the ecological and hydrological patterns of the surrounding region.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Hydrological impact: Influence of rock succession on groundwater movement and local water table
• Soil-Vegetation nexus: Correlation between metamorphic rock types and local soil composition/vegetation patterns

Keywords: Tectonic forces · Metamorphic changes · Sedimentary layers · Geological succession · Erosion and weathering

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