Himalayan glacial lakes expand, raising GLOF risk and danger to millions
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Nuclear & new energy technology· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
Rapid expansion of Himalayan glacial lakes, specifically in the Mago Chu Basin, is increasing the risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) due to climate change.
Background
Four glacial lakes in the Mago Chu Basin (Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh) are expanding rapidly. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has established specific guidelines and early warning systems to mitigate GLOF risks.
Facts for Prelims
- PlaceMago Chu Basin is located in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
- BodyNDMA (National Disaster Management Authority) is the nodal body for disaster management guidelines in India.
- S&TGLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) occurs when a lake formed by melting glaciers bursts, releasing a sudden flood.
For Mains
Q. Analyze the impact of climate-induced glacial lake expansion on Himalayan ecology and infrastructure. Suggest measures to enhance early warning systems for Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Infrastructure vulnerability: High risk to hydroelectric projects and mountain settlements in the Himalayan belt.
- Data gap: Difficulty in real-time monitoring of remote high-altitude glacial bodies for early warning.
- Policy friction: Balancing rapid infrastructure development in ecologically sensitive zones with disaster risk reduction.
Keywords: Climate Change · Glacial Lake Outburst Flood · Disaster Risk Reduction · Ecological Sensitivity · Early Warning Systems
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