The delayed southwest monsoon has caused landslides in the Western Ghats, including

Why in news

Delayed southwest monsoon and intense rainfall triggered fatal landslides in the Western Ghats, highlighting ecological vulnerability and recurring disaster risks.

Background

Landslides occurred in Wayanad and Madikeri (Kodagu district) following a rain-deficient June. A retaining wall collapse at Garodi-Naguri in Mangaluru on July 1, 2024, also resulted in fatalities.

Facts for Prelims

• PlaceWestern Ghats: A mountain range in Western India, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and a biodiversity hotspot.
• FactWayanad and Kodagu (Madikeri) are districts in the state of Kerala and Karnataka respectively, prone to landslide risks.
• EnvironmentWestern Ghats: Part of the Sahyadri mountain range, characterized by high endemism and heavy monsoon-driven rainfall.

For Mains

Q. Discuss the ecological and geological factors contributing to increasing landslide frequency in the Western Ghats and suggest measures for disaster-resilient infrastructure.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Geological vulnerability: High-intensity rainfall on steep slopes with weathered soil and fractured rock formations.
• Ecological degradation: Impact of deforestation and unplanned construction on soil stability and natural drainage.
• Institutional response: Need for real-time landslide early warning systems and stricter enforcement of the Gadgil/Kasturirangan reports.

Keywords: Ecological vulnerability · Disaster resilience · Landslide mitigation · Biodiversity hotspot · Climate change adaptation

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