Pygmy Hog Numbers Rise to Over 500, But Habitat Destruction Remains Threat
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Species, protected areas & wetlands· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
The population of the Pygmy Hog, the world's smallest wild pig, has increased to over 500 through captive breeding and recent releases into Manas National Park.
Background
The Pygmy Hog was rediscovered in Assam in the 1970s and was previously thought to be extinct. The Pygmy Hog Conservation Breeding Program, initiated in 1995, successfully increased the population from 6 to over 500 by 2024.
Facts for Prelims
- EnvironmentPygmy Hog: The world's smallest wild pig species, native to the grasslands of Assam.
- PlaceManas National Park: A Tiger Reserve and UNESCO World Heritage site in Assam where Pygmy Hogs are being released.
- FactPopulation Growth: The captive breeding program increased the Pygmy Hog population from 6 to over 500 by 2024.
- PostGerald Durrell: Conservationist who initiated the initial conservation efforts for the Pygmy Hog.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the role of ex-situ conservation measures in preventing the extinction of endangered species in India's grassland ecosystems.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Habitat fragmentation: Encroachment and agricultural expansion reducing the available grassland corridors for wild ungulates.
- Genetic bottlenecking: Risks of inbreeding in small captive populations requiring rigorous genetic management and monitoring.
- Reintroduction hurdles: Challenges in ensuring survival rates of captive-bred animals in wild habitats with high human-wildlife conflict.
Keywords: Ex-situ conservation · Biodiversity loss · Habitat fragmentation · Species rediscovery · Captive breeding
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