On the right to a healthy environment
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Biotechnology & health research· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
The Delhi government and Directorate of Education implemented work-from-home and hybrid learning to combat severe air pollution, while the Supreme Court reinforced the right to a healthy environment under Article 21.
Background
The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) amended the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) to mandate school closures in Delhi and NCR during severe pollution phases. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, defines 'environment' to include water, air, and land.
Facts for Prelims
- PlaceDelhi and NCR districts are subject to the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for air quality management.
- FactPM2.5 is identified as a major contributor to stroke, heart disease, and lung problems.
- Act / BillThe Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, provides a broad definition of 'environment' including air, water, and land.
- ConstitutionThe Supreme Court recognizes the right to a clean and healthy environment as part of Article 21.
- BodyThe Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) is the body responsible for amending GRAP.
For Mains
Q. Examine the adequacy of current legislative frameworks and administrative measures in protecting the fundamental right to a healthy environment against escalating air pollution.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Institutional bottleneck: Coordination gaps between Delhi government and NCR districts in enforcing GRAP mandates
- Legal framework: Transition from judicial recognition under Article 21 to explicit constitutional protections
- Public trust doctrine: State's obligation to manage air quality as a shared public resource
Keywords: Article 21 · Public Trust Doctrine · Graded Response Action Plan · PM2.5 · Environmental Governance
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