Similipal’s black tigers are getting help
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Species, protected areas & wetlands· Prelims·
Why in news
The Similipal Tiger Reserve successfully documented a tigress (Zeenat) and her cubs, marking a milestone for the translocation program from Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve to combat genetic collapse.
Background
Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha faced a stagnant tiger population and genetic collapse due to inbreeding. To mitigate this, tigers were translocated from Maharashtra's Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve to introduce fresh genetic diversity.
Facts for Prelims
- EnvironmentSimilipal Tiger Reserve is located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.
- EnvironmentTadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve is a major tiger reserve located in the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra.
- FactThe translocation program aimed to address 'genetic collapse' caused by inbreeding in the Similipal tiger population.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the importance of genetic diversity in wildlife conservation and evaluate the efficacy of tiger translocation programs in maintaining viable populations in fragmented habitats.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Genetic bottleneck: Risk of inbreeding depression in isolated tiger populations leading to reduced reproductive fitness.
- Translocation logistics: Challenges in post-release monitoring and habitat suitability assessment for translocated individuals.
- Conservation trade-offs: Balancing local community rights with the requirements of large-scale tiger relocation programs.
Keywords: Genetic diversity · Inbreeding depression · Translocation · Wildlife conservation · Habitat fragmentation
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