El Niño conditions likely to develop during 2026 monsoon season in South Asia, PMD says

Why in news

Pakistan's meteorological office predicted El Niño conditions for the 2026 monsoon season, likely causing above-normal temperatures and below-normal rainfall in South Asia.

Background

The Pakistan meteorological office and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) participated in the 34th session of the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (Sascof-34). Experts reached a consensus that El Niño will develop during the 2026 monsoon season, impacting regional rainfall and temperatures.

Facts for Prelims

• FactSascof-34: The 34th session of the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum where regional climate experts meet.
• S&TEl Niño impact: Predicted to cause above-normal temperatures and below-normal rainfall across most of South Asia in 2026.

For Mains

Q. Discuss the impact of El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on the monsoon patterns of South Asia and suggest measures to mitigate agricultural risks.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Agricultural vulnerability: Risk of crop failure due to below-normal rainfall and heat stress in South Asian plains
• Climate adaptation: Need for heat-resistant crop varieties and improved irrigation infrastructure to counter erratic monsoon cycles

Keywords: El Niño · Indian Ocean Dipole · Monsoon variability · Climate resilience · South Asia

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