Man-animal conflict frays India’s wildlife conservation ethos
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Species, protected areas & wetlands· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
The WWF and UNEP reported that expanding infrastructure and habitat fragmentation are escalating human-wildlife conflict in India, threatening species survival and causing casualties.
Background
The MoEFCC reported high elephant casualties on railway tracks in Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha. The government is implementing a national strategy involving habitat protection, community engagement, and crop loss compensation.
Facts for Prelims
- BodyWWF and UNEP reported on the threat of human-wildlife conflict to species survival
- FactMoEFCC reported high elephant casualties on railway tracks in Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha
- SchemeNational strategy includes habitat protection, community engagement, and compensation for crop losses
For Mains
Q. Discuss how habitat fragmentation and infrastructure development exacerbate human-wildlife conflict in India and suggest measures to balance developmental goals with wildlife conservation.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Habitat fragmentation: Loss of migratory corridors and ecological connectivity for megafauna
- Compensation mechanism: Balancing immediate farmer livelihoods with long-term conservation incentives
- Infrastructure-ecology trade-off: Mitigating railway-related wildlife mortality in high-density corridors
Keywords: Habitat fragmentation · Human-wildlife conflict · Ecological connectivity · Community engagement · Biodiversity conservation
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