India holds contracts to explore 85,000 sq km for deep-sea mineral resources
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Nuclear & new energy technology· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
Secretary of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Srinivasa Kumar Tumalla, highlighted India's Deep Ocean Mission's role in developing technologies to tap deep-sea mineral resources.
Background
India holds contracts with the International Seabed Authority to explore polymetallic nodules and sulphides across approximately 85,000 sq km. Current exploratory surveys are occurring 2,500 km from the coast.
Facts for Prelims
- BodyInternational Seabed Authority (ISA): The body with which India holds contracts for deep-sea mineral exploration.
- FactIndia holds contracts to explore approximately 85,000 sq km for deep-sea mineral resources.
- FactCurrent exploratory surveys are occurring 2,500 km from the coast.
- S&TPolymetallic nodules and sulphides: The specific deep-sea mineral resources targeted by India's Deep Ocean Mission.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the strategic and economic significance of deep-sea mining for India's technological sovereignty and the challenges associated with its exploration.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Resource security: Reducing import dependency on critical minerals for green energy and electronics.
- Regulatory complexity: Balancing deep-sea mining ambitions with international maritime environmental standards.
- Technological gap: High capital intensity and technical requirements for deep-sea exploration and mineral extraction.
Keywords: Deep Ocean Mission · Polymetallic nodules · Resource security · Strategic autonomy · Deep-sea mining
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