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VOL. I · EST. 11.2025 
SatyaDheesh
सत्याधीश
India's Ground Truth Record
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Tamerlane whisky costs vary from Rs 1,300 in Haryana to Rs 3,425 in Karnataka

GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Fiscal policy, budget & taxation (GST)· Prelims·

Fiscal Federalism and tax harmonization: a GS3 case study on state autonomy vs national tax unity.

Why in news

The wide price disparity of Tamerlane whisky across states (Rs 1,300 in Haryana vs Rs 3,425 in Karnataka) highlights the impact of alcohol remaining outside the GST framework.

Background

Alcohol for human consumption is currently excluded from the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. In the 2024-25 period, Goa collected nearly Rs 947.9 crore in excise revenue.

Facts for Prelims

  • FactTamerlane whisky price in Haryana: Rs 1,300
  • FactTamerlane whisky price in Delhi: Rs 1,850
  • FactTamerlane whisky price in Karnataka: Rs 3,425
  • FactTamerlane whisky price in Goa: Rs 1,740
  • FactGoa excise revenue in 2024-25: Rs 947.9 crore

Prelims practice question

Which of the following categories of goods is currently excluded from the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework in India?

  1. (a)Alcohol for human consumption
  2. (b)Real estate
  3. (c)Petroleum products
  4. (d)Gold and jewellery
Show answer

Answer: (a) Alcohol for human consumption — The note specifies that alcohol for human consumption remains outside the GST framework.

For Mains

Q. Discuss the fiscal and economic implications of keeping alcohol outside the GST framework in India.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

  • Fiscal federalism: State autonomy over excise revenue vs. national tax harmonization
  • Market distortion: Significant price variance across state borders affecting consumer choice and brand competition

Keywords: GST · Excise Duty · Fiscal Federalism · Taxation Policy · State Revenue

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