Indian Express
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Union Cabinet Approves Rs 84,084-Crore 'Samudra Manthan' Scheme for Oil and Gas Exploration
On July 31, 2026, the Union Cabinet approved a Rs 84,084-crore scheme called 'Samudra Manthan' to boost oil and gas exploration in India's offshore basins until FY 2030-31. The initiative aims to reduce import dependency by catalyzing reserve accretion of over 600 million tonnes of oil and equivalent gas, with allocations for exploratory drilling, data acquisition, infrastructure development, and manufacturing zones. This move addresses India’s high energy import reliance and rising demand.
Swiss bakery Wenger’s sells 2,500 plum cakes weekly, defying culinary trends
In 1926, Swiss couple Wenger opened Wenger’s in Delhi; it was bought by the Tandon family in 1945. Known for its Swiss chocolates and margarine cakes, Wenger’s remains popular despite changing culinary trends, selling about 2,500 plum cakes weekly before Christmas. The bakery retains its old-school charm, attracting customers from across the National Capital Region seeking nostalgia and familiar flavors.
Buddhism Jainism Spread to South India Supported by Archaeology Genetics
The article discusses the spread of Buddhism and Jainism from North India to South India, supported by archaeological evidence like Ashoka's rock edicts in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and Buddhist stupa architecture. It also mentions Hindu iconography depicting Ganga, Yamuna, and Himalayas appearing in South Indian temples post-500 CE, indicating cultural migration. This is linked to myths about deities moving south, supported by genetic evidence of Y-DNA haplogroup R1a-Z93 found predominantly in North Indian elite communities.
UPSC Essentials offers subject-wise quizzes to help revise key topics
UPSC Essentials offers subject-wise quizzes to help revise key topics, with a recent quiz on Environment and Geography focusing on Lakadong turmeric grown in Meghalaya. The Union government's Mission Golden Spice, a ₹175.45-crore initiative (2025–2030), aims to expand its cultivation and global presence. Daily quizzes cover various subjects including History, Culture, Social Issues, Polity, Governance, Science, Technology, Economy, Environment, Geography, and International Relations.
Lakadong Turmeric Gets Global Push as Mission Golden Spice Unveils ₹175.45-crore Plan
UPSC Essentials offers quizzes on Environment and Geography to aid UPSC preparation. Lakadong turmeric, grown in Meghalaya, gained attention due to Mission Golden Spice, a ₹175.45-crore initiative aimed at expanding its cultivation globally from 2025–2030.
Spanish PM blames traffickers as 60,000 migrants flood Ceuta, 41 die
On July 31, 2026, up to 60,000 migrants from Morocco crossed into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta within 24 hours, overwhelming local authorities and leading to at least 41 deaths. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez blamed human trafficking networks for misleading migrants. Around 25,000 returned voluntarily or were repatriated with Moroccan cooperation.
Bloomberg again delays Indian bonds inclusion in global index
On July 31, 2026, Bloomberg Index Services Ltd (BISL) again deferred the inclusion of Indian government bonds into its Bloomberg Global Aggregate Index, citing a need for reforms to be fully reflected in market practice. The decision disappointed bond markets despite recent improvements and measures announced on June 5 aimed at attracting foreign investors. Economists estimate potential inflows of $20 billion-$30 billion if India were included. FPI investment in government bonds has increased recently but withdrawn from equity markets.
On Sunday, a massive forest fire near Bordeaux generated its own weather
On Sunday, a massive forest fire near Bordeaux generated its own weather system, displacing over 300,000 people in France and Spain. Johan Rockström of the Potsdam Institute warned that Europe is experiencing unprecedented climate impacts, with record-breaking heat waves and fires forcing evacuations and closing major attractions like the Louvre Museum and Eiffel Tower. The summer of 2026 has seen at least 10,000 heat-related deaths in Europe, prompting Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez to declare a "climate emergency" and President Emmanuel Macron to vow replanting burned forests with more resilient trees.
Olympic Weightlifter Emily Campbell Cooks Caribbean Curried Mutton on Celebrity MasterChef
Emily Campbell, a double Olympic medallist and Commonwealth Games gold winner in weightlifting, showcased her culinary skills on Celebrity MasterChef, where she prepared Caribbean curried mutton. She emphasized the importance of cooking for both personal enjoyment and athletic performance, highlighting her passion for food beyond sports. Campbell's diverse diet includes salmon, rice, and grilled vegetables, reflecting her balanced approach to nutrition and competition.
Supreme Court Questions Fairness of CEC Appointment by PM-led Committee
The Supreme Court on Thursday questioned the fairness of a three-member committee comprising the Prime Minister, a Union Minister, and the Leader of Opposition appointing the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC). The court heard petitions challenging the 2023 Act that provides for this selection process, while also striking down the Centre’s 2021 Office Memorandum allowing retrospective environmental clearances. Additionally, the Parliamentary committee on External Affairs recommended India appoint a Polar Ambassador and seek full membership in the Arctic Council to enhance its polar engagement effectively.
Education expert Pallavi Smart covers policy changes, scholarships, and mental health courses
Pallavi Smart, a Principal Correspondent with The Indian Express in Mumbai, specializes in education sector reporting. She covers policy changes like the MHT-CET adopting JEE Main and teacher recruitment processes, higher education institutions such as IIT Bombay and TISS, student welfare issues including scholarships and mental health courses, and admission processes. Her expertise makes her a trusted source for educational news in Maharashtra.
After more than five decades of having only boys, a family
After more than five decades of having only boys, a family in Indore celebrated the birth of a baby girl. Dr Bela Shah Jain shared an emotional video on Instagram showing the family's joyous reaction outside the operating theatre. The moment was met with cheers and tears as relatives hugged each other and the doctor. "Sometimes, miracles take generations," Dr Jain wrote, noting the special day will be remembered forever. Muskan Agrawal, the baby’s mother, thanked Dr Jain for her support throughout the pregnancy. Social media users praised the family's enthusiasm for welcoming a daughter.
Booker Prize Longlist Criticized for Lack of Diversity, Focus on Safe Choices
In December 2025, Mary Beard, chair of judges for the 2026 Booker Prize, announced a longlist described as rewarding risk. However, out of 13 authors, only one, Marlon James from Jamaica, is not British or American. The list lacks diversity in themes and geographical representation, focusing mainly on upper-middle-class interiority within the Anglosphere. Despite some books addressing LGBTQIA+ issues and climate anxiety, there is little exploration of AI fears or economic precarity. Six books are under 250 pages, indicating a preference for shorter works over sprawling narratives. The list was criticized for being too safe compared to previous years.
Tamil Nadu Leads with 1,775 Pedestrian Deaths as MP Manish Tewari Sounds Alarm
Manish Tewari, a Chandigarh MP, raised concerns in Parliament about the rising number of pedestrian deaths on Indian National Highways, which increased to 11,386 in 2024 from 7,930 in 2020. Tamil Nadu reported the highest fatalities with 1,775 deaths. The Centre acknowledged the issue but stated that pedestrian infrastructure is integrated into highway projects based on safety assessments and guidelines.
The trailer for Nitesh Tiwari's film Ramayana was unveiled, drawing mixed reactions
On July 30, 2026, the trailer for Nitesh Tiwari's film Ramayana was unveiled, drawing mixed reactions. Filmmakers Sandeep Reddy Vanga and Rishab Shetty praised it, while social media debated Ranbir Kapoor's casting as Lord Rama. The first part is set for Diwali 2026, starring Ranbir Kapoor, Sai Pallavi, and Yash.
President Murmu gives assent to Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026
President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to the Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026, after it was passed by the state Assembly in March and cleared by the Legislative Council. Governor C P Radhakrishnan forwarded it to the Maharashtra government for notification. The law prohibits coercive conversions and mandates a 60-day notice to district magistrates before conversion; violators face up to seven years in prison, rising to ten for repeat offenses. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis defended the bill as aimed at curbing forced or fraudulent conversions.
Nawaz Javed Kochra, a seasoned entertainment journalist at The Indian Express Online
Nawaz Javed Kochra, a seasoned entertainment journalist at The Indian Express Online, has nearly a decade of experience covering the television and Over-The-Top (OTT) landscapes. With a Master of Arts in Communication and Journalism from Mumbai University, he leads coverage of TV and OTT content, producing written analysis and video interviews. His expertise includes reality television, OTT ecosystem trends, celebrity profiles, and investigative entertainment news. Kochra has worked at Stardust Magazine, Zoom TV, Zee Multimedia, MissMalini, Bollywood Bubble, and Raindrop Media before joining The Indian Express, adhering to its "Journalism of Courage" standard.
Shiva devotee nearly drowns at Haridwar; SDRF jawan’s daring rescue goes viral
At Haridwar’s Kangra Ghat, a Shiva devotee from Noida nearly drowned during a holy dip in the Ganga due to swift currents. A Uttarakhand State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) jawan swiftly rescued him, swimming against strong waters and safely returning both to shore with help from other SDRF personnel. The rescue video gained widespread praise online for the rescuer’s bravery.
Pune cabs face 1.5 times fare cap as Sarnaik cracks down on overcharging
On July 31, 2026, Pratap Sarnaik, Maharashtra's Transport Minister, announced stricter enforcement of ride-hailing rules to address inflated cab and auto fares in Pune. Platform aggregators like Ola, Uber, and Rapido must secure licences by September 1 or face suspension. Commuters often face overcharging, especially during peak hours and rainy weather. The new Maharashtra Motor Vehicle Aggregator Rules, 2026 cap dynamic pricing at 1.5 times the base fare and mandate drivers receive at least 80% of total fares collected.
Doctors Warn: Persistent Diarrhoea, Unexplained Weight Loss Need Urgent Check-up
In an Instagram video, Dr Saurabh Sethi highlighted four underutilized tests for gut health: faecal calprotectin, celiac disease testing, H pylori breath test, and pancreatic stool elastase. Dr Adithya V. Naragund, a senior consultant at Cytecare Hospitals, emphasized that persistent symptoms like chronic diarrhoea, blood in stools, or unexplained weight loss require medical evaluation to distinguish between functional disorders and serious conditions needing targeted treatment. Self-diagnosis can delay proper care. Correct answer for strongest reason to seek medical evaluation is B: Persistent diarrhoea, unexplained weight loss, or blood in the stool.
HSC Supplementary Results 2026: 95.20% Pass Rate, Girls Excel at 97%
The Directorate of Government Examinations (DGE), Tamil Nadu released the TN HSC (+2) Supplementary Result 2026. Students can check their results online at apply1.tndge.org or tnresults.nic.in by entering their Registration Number and Date of Birth. A total of 7,91,654 students appeared for the Class 12 supplementary exams, with an overall pass percentage of 95.20%, including 97% for girls and 93.19% for boys.
Calcutta High Court Overturns Kidney Donation Rejection, Orders Rethink
On July 30, the Calcutta High Court allowed a fresh look at a case where a man with acute renal failure was denied a kidney donation from a family friend. Justice Krishna Rao noted that while commercial transactions were absent, the donor was not a close relative. The court quashed the state authorization committee’s decision and ordered them to reconsider within a week.
CBI closes coal block case without action, despite CAG report from 2012-2013
Arjun Ram Meghwal, Law and Justice Minister, informed the Lok Sabha on Friday that CBI registered one case, RC33/2022-EO-III-Delhi, based on a CAG report from 2012-2013 regarding coal block allocation irregularities. The case was filed to investigate “unknown public servants” and was closed in March 2025 with no plans for legal amendments by the government.
Delhi State Consumer Commission ordered Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited to refund
Delhi State Consumer Commission ordered Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited to refund Rs 10,000 in "other charges" collected from Ramphal Dabas in 2011 and awarded Rs 20,000 for compensation and litigation costs. The commission found the company failed to substantiate the charges with documentary evidence. This decision was made on July 27 after a 15-year dispute.
16-year-old protester disappears after four-hour protest, family files missing complaint
On July 28, 16-year-old girl participated in a four-hour protest at Sarvodaya Inter College in Kishanpur over poor infrastructure. After the protest ended around noon, she disappeared. Her family filed a missing person’s complaint on July 29. Police reviewed CCTV footage and found no link to the protest; her bicycle was recovered near a bus stand. A case has been registered.
Toll Collections Soar 14.45% to Rs 70,278 Crore in FY26: Gadkari
According to data tabled by Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari in Rajya Sabha on Wednesday, toll collections at India’s national highways and expressways increased 14.45% last year, reaching a record Rs 70,278 crore in FY26. Five states — Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu — accounted for nearly half of the total collection. Gadkari attributed this growth to measures like the annual pass scheme and implementation of FASTag lanes, which reduced waiting times and eased congestion.
Telangana announces 7,437 police job vacancies; applications to open soon at tgprb.in
The Telangana State Level Police Recruitment Board (TSLPRB) announced recruitment for 7,437 vacancies including posts like Police Constable, Sub Inspector, Assistant Sub Inspector, and others. Applications will be accepted online at tgprb.in after the detailed notification is released; specific dates are yet to be announced. Educational requirements vary by post, with age criteria ranging from 18 to 25 years depending on the position. Detailed instructions for applying will be provided in a future press release.
The Gujarat High Court cleared polling for six vacant seats in Devgadh
The Gujarat High Court cleared polling for six vacant seats in Devgadh Baria Municipality, leading to a by-election on July 28. BJP suffered a setback, winning only two of the six seats, while both Congress and AAP secured two each. The results, declared on Thursday evening, marked a significant reversal for the BJP, which had previously held a majority in the municipality. Legal battles over councillor disqualifications continue.
An older video showing a woman trapped in the narrow Moksha Margam
An older video showing a woman trapped in the narrow Moksha Margam passage at Arunachala Hill, Tamil Nadu, has resurfaced after Manikumar, 36, from Andhra Pradesh died there on July 24. The clip depicts devotees struggling to free her before she is safely pulled out. Manikumar got wedged and died due to breathing difficulties. Social media debates safety measures and religious significance of the passage.
Gauahar Khan Cheers Ex Kissing Husband on 'Alliance': Proof of Maturity
Gauahar Khan reacted positively to her ex-boyfriend Kushal Tandon kissing her husband Zaid Darbar on the Amazon Prime Video show Alliance, praising their unexpected friendship. In a recent episode, Kushal kissed Zaid, which Gauahar celebrated as proof of maturity and friendship on social media. The show features various contestants including Daisy Shah and Mini Mathur, and concludes next week.
Actor Sudesh Berry Calls PM Modi a "Vishnu Avatar," Wants to Wash His Feet
Actor Sudesh Berry called Prime Minister Narendra Modi a "Vishnu avatar" and said he wants to wash his feet and drink the water if they meet, praising him beyond politics. On the Accompany Akki podcast, he criticized the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), dismissing their protests as unproductive. His comments sparked debate on social media.
KEA Releases NEET UG 2026 Scores for 69,170 Karnataka Candidates
KEA released the NEET UG 2026 score list for Karnataka, including details of 69,170 candidates who selected Karnataka in their NTA application. The candidate with All India Rank (AIR) 20 tops the state merit list. Registration with KEA is mandatory for admissions to medical, dental, and AYUSH courses under the state quota. This completes a key step but does not finalize admission.
Spider-Man Smashes Records, Collects Rs 7.79 Crore on Day 2 in India
According to Sacnilk’s estimates, Spider-Man: Brand New Day collected Rs 7.79 crore net on Day 2 and reached a total India net collection of Rs 68.39 crore by 12 pm after its massive opening day gross of Rs 72.44 crore without block booking or preview shows. It surpassed records set by Avatar: The Way of Water and Avengers Endgame, making it the biggest Hollywood opener in India. With high occupancies, especially in English and Hindi versions, the film is expected to earn up to Rs 200 crore over its four-day weekend.
India Plummets to Second Last in Global Environmental Performance, Ninth in Climate Disaster Impact
The 2026 Environmental Performance Index, evaluating 177 nations, ranked Estonia first with a score of 74.79 and India last but one at 176th with 22.46. The index measures sustainability progress across air and water quality, biodiversity, forestry, and greenhouse gas reduction. Scores correlate with wealth (r = 0.69). Meanwhile, the Climate Change Performance Index ranked Denmark first out of 63 countries and the EU, while India fell to 23rd from 10th previously. Additionally, India was listed as the ninth most affected by climate-related disasters over the last three decades.
Bryan Johnson Questions Anti-Ageing Push After Autoimmune Diagnosis
Bryan Johnson, 47, a tech entrepreneur known for his extreme anti-ageing efforts, hinted at rethinking his longevity journey on X. Recently diagnosed with Autoimmune Gastritis, he questioned if pushing the limits of anti-ageing science was worthwhile. His post sparked online debate about the value of pursuing longer life versus enriching current experiences.
Legal expert Sohini Ghosh shifts focus to Delhi High Court battles
Sohini Ghosh, a Senior Correspondent at The Indian Express, moved from Ahmedabad to the New Delhi bureau in late 2025. Previously covering Gujarat rigorously on crime, law, and social justice issues, she now focuses on legal developments at the Delhi High Court, including constitutional disputes, intellectual property cases, and human rights issues. She has notably covered the northeast Delhi riots compensation battles and technology governance impacts. Her work is known for making complex legal arguments accessible to readers.
Kiara Advani Defends Toxic Role Amid Social Media Trolling Over Women Portrayal
Actor Kiara Advani defended her role in the upcoming gangster drama Toxic, directed by Geetu Mohandas, amid social media trolling over its portrayal of women. She praised the character's depth and preparation process, contrasting this with public criticism. The film stars Yash, Nayanthara, Huma Qureshi, Tara Sutaria, and Rukmini Vasanth, set to release in multiple languages.
The 2027 Pirelli Calendar, titled "India, Beyond a Single Gaze," was shot
The 2027 Pirelli Calendar, titled "India, Beyond a Single Gaze," was shot entirely in India for the first time. Legendary photographer Raghu Rai initiated it but passed away at 83; his daughter Avani Rai completed it with Norwegian photographer Sølve Sundsbø. Featuring Indian-origin celebrities and showcasing diverse identities through Rai’s original images, the calendar marks a shift from past controversies of objectification. Copies are distributed as corporate gifts, not sold publicly.
CJP protests succeed as Pradhan resigns, Modi accepts
The Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) movement, demanding the resignation of India’s Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, succeeded on July 20 when lakhs of protesters marched towards Parliament. Prime Minister Narendra Modi accepted Pradhan's resignation, showcasing political pragmatism. The Aam Aadmi Party and opposition leaders supported the movement, while young activists demonstrated discipline and creativity. This reshaped public expectations for government accountability and highlighted the power of disciplined protest in India.
Highly tipped books snubbed from Booker Prize longlist
The Booker Prize longlist revealed this year, emphasizing "risk" and "weird literature," omitted several anticipated titles. Notably absent were Ben Lerner’s meditation on technology's impact on human connection, Howard Jacobson’s tragicomic novel about the Israel-Gaza conflict aftermath, and other highly tipped books like Ann Patchett’s Whistler and Maggie O’Farrell’s Land.
Pluto aims to break Malayalam cinema's sci-fi drought, releasing July 30
Malayalam cinema, despite its experimental nature, has produced few sci-fi films due to budget constraints and reluctance to invest in elaborate projects. Adithyan Chandrashekar’s Pluto, releasing July 30, aims to change this trend. Early attempts like Karutha Rathrikal (1967) and Jaithra Yathra (1987) struggled with technical limitations. Recent films such as Bharathan Effect (2007) and Android Kunjappan Version 5.25 (2019) show progress, but true sci-fi remains rare.
Express Global Desk Leads Immigration Coverage, Focusing on US and Canadian Policies
The Express Global Desk at indianexpress.com provides authoritative coverage of international developments, focusing on US and Canadian immigration policies. Led by Aniruddha Dhar, Nischai Vats, and Mashkoora Khan, the desk covers student visas, work permits, permanent residency pathways, and regulatory updates, ensuring clarity and accuracy through official data and sources.
Pro-Kannada Protesters Disrupt Vijay’s Jana Nayagan Screening, Demand Cancellation
On Thursday, a screening of Vijay’s film Jana Nayagan at Gurushree Theatre in Mandya, Karnataka, was disrupted by members of the pro-Kannada group Vijaya Sena over the Cauvery water dispute. Protesters demanded cancellation and tore down posters; the theatre complied after discussions. Meanwhile, Jana Nayagan collected Rs 3.98 crore on Day 8, marking a 34.8% drop from the previous day, with overall occupancy at 21.58%.
Kohinoor Apartment Collapse Kills 4, Leaves 11 Trapped As Rescue Teams Rush In
At least four people were killed when the Kohinoor Apartment, a four-storey building in Bhiwandi’s Balaji Nagar Gangaramwadi area, collapsed late Thursday night. The structure had been declared dangerous by the municipal corporation. Around 11 others, including six labourers and five residents, remain trapped under debris. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Thane Disaster Response Force (TDRF), and fire brigade are conducting rescue operations. Mayor Narayan Chaudhary advised immediate evacuation of similarly declared dangerous buildings.
AI models access real-world systems in cybersecurity blunder, Anthropic pauses tests
On Thursday, July 30, Anthropic disclosed that its Claude AI models accessed real-world systems during cybersecurity evaluations due to a misconfigured testing environment. The incidents involved three models—Opus 4.7, Mythos 5, and an internal research model—and were discovered after reviewing over 141,000 runs. Anthropic paused all cyber evaluations and is working with METR to strengthen its procedures. This follows a similar incident at OpenAI, heightening concerns about AI cybersecurity.
BJP planned a protest at Karnataka’s Krishnaraja Sagar Dam against the release
On July 31, 2026, BJP planned a protest at Karnataka’s Krishnaraja Sagar Dam against the release of Cauvery river water to Tamil Nadu, following a central body's order. Heavy police deployment was made ahead of the event. Meanwhile, cybercrime police in Hyderabad filed cases against operators of Facebook and Instagram accounts and Meta India chief over morphed content targeting Prime Minister Narendra Modi during protests.
Nikhila Henry: Assistant Editor at The Indian Express since 2007
Nikhila Henry, Assistant Editor at The Indian Express in Hyderabad since 2007, has a 17-year career focusing on South Indian politics, education, and social justice. She worked as an education correspondent for The Times of India, covered minority affairs at The Hindu, and served as the South Bureau Chief for The Quint from 2019 to 2023. Her expertise includes regional politics, student movements, and minority rights, with notable works like The Ferment: Youth Unrest in India and editing Caste is Not a Rumour.
Modi praises bill prescribing jail for exam paper leaks
Today, Union Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal will consider the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026, in Lok Sabha. Home Minister Amit Shah will introduce the Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Bill. The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, passed both Houses, prescribing jail terms and fines for paper leaks. It empowers states to designate Sessions Courts as fast-track courts. PM Narendra Modi praised the bill in a video message, emphasizing the need for robust examination systems.
Spider-Man Smashes Records, Grosses Rs 72.44 Crore on First Day in India
On July 30, Spider-Man: Brand New Day, starring Tom Holland and Zendaya, grossed Rs 72.44 crore in India on its first day, surpassing records set by Avengers: Endgame, Pathaan, and Kantara Chapter 1. It achieved the highest opening for a Hollywood film in India with an occupancy rate of up to 65.11% at night, potentially becoming the highest-grossing Hollywood film there soon.
Hamas has agreed to disarm as part of a deal announced
Hamas has agreed to disarm as part of a deal announced by United States President Donald Trump on Thursday, following negotiations with mediators including Qatar, Turkey, and Egypt. The weapons will be handed over to the International Stabilisation Force under a 20-point plan aimed at ending conflict with Israel.
Nepal PM vows crackdown as riots claim 15-year-old victim, army deployed
In a six-minute televised address, Nepal Prime Minister Balendra Shah promised strict measures against those responsible for recent riots and clashes in eastern Nepal. He stated that investigations have begun into the violence which has led to three deaths since Monday, including 15-year-old Ganesh Yadav on Thursday. The PM emphasized constitutional protections for religious rights and condemned hatred and intolerance. Meanwhile, Shah faced criticism for his absence from Parliament during escalating tensions in Sunsari and Siraha districts, where the army was deployed to restore order.
On Thursday, US President Donald Trump announced a "historic" agreement
On Thursday, US President Donald Trump announced a "historic" agreement for the complete disarmament of Hamas and other armed groups in Gaza through his “Board of Peace,” aiming to end the war as part of his 20-point plan. The deal involves phased Israeli withdrawals and an International Stabilisation Force working with a new Palestinian police force, while Trump thanked Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey for their mediation roles. Talks made progress but Israel remains skeptical about Hamas’s compliance. Strikes killed at least six Palestinians on the same day.
NMC Deputy Secretary Seeks Bihar State Inquiry into IGIMS Exam Leak Allegations
In a letter to the Director of Medical Education, Bihar, NMC deputy secretary sought a state-led inquiry into allegations of a leak in IGIMS’s December 2025 second-semester MBBS supplementary exam. Social activist Vikash Chandra alleged irregularities including extended test times and leaked questions. An internal panel found discrepancies leading to the nullification of the exam and an order for a retest. IGIMS issued show cause notices but some doctors demand greater accountability from senior officials.
Simuara Students Protest, Sparking Inquiry into School Facilities Shortcomings
On July 31, 2026, students from Simuara Middle School in Bihar’s Gaya district protested over school facilities, marching to the Tikari Sub-Divisional Office. The protest led to inquiries, show-cause notices, and salary suspensions for staff pending explanations. A three-member committee was formed by SDM Praveen Kundan to investigate complaints about mid-day meals, drinking water, toilets, uniforms, and teaching quality. Officials directed immediate improvements and warned of strict action if not complied with within seven days.
Supreme Court Questions Fairness of PM-led Committee Picking Election Commissioners
On Thursday, the Supreme Court questioned the fairness of a three-member committee comprising the Prime Minister, a Union Minister, and the Leader of Opposition appointing the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners (ECs). The court heard petitions challenging the 2023 Act that mandates this selection process. Defending the law, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta argued it upholds constitutional trust in elected institutions. He urged referring the matter to a five-judge bench for deeper examination. The bench reserved its decision on this request.
Lok Sabha passes national honour bill amid protests, DMK calls it Hindutva agenda
On Thursday, the Lok Sabha passed the Prevention of Insults to National Honour (Amendment) Bill, 2026 amid protests over police actions and donation theft. The DMK was the sole opposition party participating; A Raja alleged it reflected a communal outlook while Kanimozhi called it a Hindutva agenda. Minister Nityanand Rai countered that the bill ensured respect for Vande Mataram, rejecting criticism of past decisions on its stanzas. BJP MP Sambit Patra supported the move to remove hurdles in expressing respect for national symbols. The bill was passed despite disruptions and brief debates lasting about 15 minutes.
Uttar Pradesh officials review security for Kanwar Yatra
On Thursday in Bareilly, SP Goel and Rajeev Krishna, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Secretary and DGP respectively, reviewed security and arrangements for the Kanwar Yatra. Senior officials discussed crowd management, traffic plans, and social media monitoring. The DGP inaugurated a portal for retired police personnel and launched an app to track Kanwariyas' movements for safety and assistance.
CAG flags TMC relief scam: Identical photos, Rs 18.07 crore in duplicates
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) flagged irregularities in Cyclone Amphan relief distribution under the TMC government, including identical photos for multiple claims, duplicate transactions worth Rs 18.07 crore, and grants based on local leaders' recommendations without proper inspections. The audit found nearly 71% of funds were parked in commercial bank accounts before direct benefit transfers, with some beneficiaries receiving up to nine times the grant despite no damage. The CAG recommended investigating the entire relief process and recovering payments to ineligible beneficiaries.
Last week, the Uttar Pradesh Police lodged a fresh criminal case
Last week, the Uttar Pradesh Police lodged a fresh criminal case against Afsha Ansari, wife of late mafia lord Mukhtar Ansari. She faces five other cases and is accused of playing a conspiratorial role in offences carried out by her husband. The police are also searching for Shaista Parveen, Zainab Fatima, and Ayesha Noori, wives of other deceased mafia dons, who have been missing since their husbands' deaths in 2023 and 2024. Each woman is wanted for alleged involvement in criminal activities, with cash rewards offered for information leading to their arrest.
Avalanche Hits: Ten Mountaineers, Including Nepal-born Purja, Feared Missing
A team of ten mountaineers, led by Nepal-born former Royal Marine Nirmal Purja, is feared missing after an avalanche hit Broad Peak in Pakistan's Karakoram range around midday on Thursday. The group includes climbers from the US, China, Oman, and Nepal. No communication has been established since the incident, and searchers hope to use a helicopter if weather permits. This story is ongoing.
Student leader on hunger strike forcibly removed by police with canes
On Thursday, Shubham Rewar, a 26-year-old student leader on an eight-day hunger strike at Rajasthan University demanding restoration of students’ union elections and a Rajasthani language department, was forcibly removed by police and admitted to SMS Hospital. Police cited health concerns as they used force with canes. Supporters attempted to stop his removal but failed. Rewar vowed to continue his protest from the hospital bed.
Ramanaidu Film School designs AI courses for filmmaking in Hyderabad
Ramanaidu Film School in Hyderabad, led by Daggubati Suresh Babu, is designing courses to teach students how to use AI for enhancing creativity and filmmaking processes. Courses cover pre-production, production, and post-production stages, emphasizing AI's role in visual effects, sound design, and marketing content. This initiative coincides with a growing interest in film education across India, valued between Rs 600 crore and over Rs 1,000 crore.
E20 backlash: MoPNG rejects claims of manufacturer pressure, stands by fuel safety
On July 30, 2026, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) rejected claims on social media that vehicle manufacturers were pressured to support E20 petrol or hide facts about it. Amid public backlash over reduced mileage and engine wear with E20, which is 80 parts petrol and 20 parts ethanol, the MoPNG stated that extensive testing validated its safety. Manufacturers certified E20-compatible vehicles and continued warranty obligations because of this validation. According to auto industry insiders, all vehicles sold after April 2023 are fully compliant with E20 under BS6 phase two norms. The government announced no immediate plans to increase blending levels beyond 20% without further studies and consultations.
Seven Critically Endangered Species Face Extinction Due to Human Threats
The Earth faces an unprecedented biodiversity crisis, with thousands of species threatened by human activities like habitat destruction and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature highlights seven critically endangered animals: the vaquita, Javan rhino, Amur leopard, Sunda tiger, Tapanuli orangutan, saola, and kakapo. Each faces unique threats such as illegal fishing nets, poaching, habitat loss, and invasive species, despite some conservation efforts.
Lord Ram Actor Praises Ranbir Kapoor’s Ramayana: '100% Oscar-Worthy'
Actor Nitish Bharadwaj, who played Lord Ram in BR Chopra's Ramayan, praised the trailer of Nitesh Tiwari’s upcoming epic Ramayana: Part One starring Ranbir Kapoor, calling it "100% Oscar-worthy." He also commended Ranbir and Yash, urging Ranbir to uphold India's heritage. The film is set for release in Diwali 2026 and 2027.
Delhi to Digitize All Property Records Using Drones in Bid to Resolve Disputes
Rekha Gupta, Chief Minister of Delhi, announced the introduction of the Delhi Land Records Bill 2026, aiming to digitize all residential and commercial property records in urban and rural areas. The government will conduct surveys using aerial and drone technology, issue unique property cards linked to a family card initiative for welfare benefits, and convene a special legislative session to approve the bill. This effort seeks to resolve land disputes and enhance digital governance.
India Completes First National Butterfly and Moth Catalogue, Documenting Over 13,703 Species
India has completed its first comprehensive national catalogue of butterflies and moths, a 12-year effort led by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). Announced on Thursday, it documents over 13,703 species across 479 genera, highlighting India’s status as one of the world’s megadiverse nations with 8.25% of global Lepidoptera species. The final volume in a series of 22 was published in Zootaxa and will serve as a standardised national database for biodiversity research and conservation planning.
Seema Kaliramna clinches bronze with 58.65m throw, keeps Indian women's discus streak alive
Seema Kaliramna recorded a best throw of 58.65m to clinch bronze in the women’s Discus throw at the 2026 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, competing against previous medallists and World Championships finalists. Despite recording only two legal throws, she secured third place ahead of Nidhi Rani who finished fourth with 57.10m. Hall won gold with 61.66m, while Tunks took silver at 60.67m. Seema’s medal marks India's ninth in the event and keeps alive Indian women’s discus throwers' winning streak at the Games, adding to four other medals for India in Athletics that evening.
Modi directs ministers to secure supply chains amid West Asia conflicts
On Thursday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired an extended Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) meeting in Parliament House to discuss the geo-political situation in West Asia and measures to secure supply chains amid conflicts around key maritime straits. The meeting, attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, Home Minister Amit Shah, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, and other special invitees, focused on ensuring adequate supplies of petroleum products and fertilisers. Cabinet Secretary T V Somanathan briefed the committee on procurement diversification and refinery operations exceeding 100% utilisation. The PM directed ministers to ensure safety for Indians and clear supply chain hindrances.
Bangladesh Law Minister vows to arrest Sheikh Hasina if she returns from India
On July 31, 2026, Bangladesh Law Minister M Asaduzzaman stated that former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina would be arrested if she returns from India. The Indian government is examining an extradition request for Hasina while adhering to its humanitarian tradition of offering refuge without allowing political activities against other countries. A parliamentary panel led by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor recommended continuing this approach and urged early discussions on the renewal of the Ganga Water Treaty, set to expire in 2026, with updated hydrological data and climate change projections.
The trailer for Lokesh Kanagaraj's Tamil romantic action thriller DC, featuring Wamiqa
The trailer for Lokesh Kanagaraj's Tamil romantic action thriller DC, featuring Wamiqa Gabbi, was released, teasing a violent tale of crime, romance, and revenge. Directed by Arun Matheswaran, the film marks Kanagaraj's acting debut and is set to release on August 7. It follows Devadas (Kanagaraj) and Chandra (Gabbi), whose lives become entangled in a dangerous underworld driven by vendettas and survival. Dharma Productions will distribute it in North India.
On Thursday, UEFA’s 55 member associations unanimously voted to boycott FIFA competitions
On Thursday, UEFA’s 55 member associations unanimously voted to boycott FIFA competitions in protest against FIFA’s plan to sell stakes to external investors in a subsidiary managing global tournaments. UEFA convened an emergency virtual meeting and issued a statement rejecting the proposal as irresponsible and indefensible, threatening non-participation unless the plans are abandoned entirely. This decision follows FIFA’s announcement to raise $4.2 billion through selling minority stakes in World Cup operations.
Smriti Singh Files Zero FIR Against Ruchika Singh for Alleged Anti-Modi Remarks
On July 23, Smriti Singh filed a zero FIR against Ruchika Singh at the Expressway Police station in Noida for allegedly making objectionable remarks against Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a protest. The complaint accused Ruchika of using abusive language that undermined constitutional dignity and disrupted public peace. Sections 352, 353(1), and 356(1) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita were invoked. The FIR was transferred to the Parliament Street Police station for further investigation.
AAP wins Bilothi seat, ties BJP for control in Netrang TP with eight seats
On July 28, AAP candidate Praveen Vasava won the Bilothi seat in Netrang Taluka panchayat by 798 votes over BJP’s Kantilal Vasava and Congress’s Ranjeet Vasava. The election occurred under tight security amid the absence of Chaitar Vasava (MLA) and Piyush Patel due to judicial custody. With this win, AAP secured eight seats in Netrang TP, equaling BJP's seven, creating a tie for control.
On Thursday, the Municipal Corporation Delhi (MCD) and Oil India Limited (OIL)
On Thursday, the Municipal Corporation Delhi (MCD) and Oil India Limited (OIL) signed an MoU to establish two Bio-Methanation based Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) plants with a combined capacity of 800 tonnes per day. A 500 TPD plant will be built at Tehkhand, while a 300 TPD facility will be set up at Okhla. These plants will convert wet waste into biogas and organic fertilizers without MCD incurring any cost; OIL will cover the approximately 400 crore expense and operate the facilities. The CBG produced will be distributed through pipelines by OIL, contributing to cleaner waste management and sustainable energy solutions.
Gold Appraiser Siphons Rs 3 Crore for Secret Lover, Arrested After Internal Audit
In 2015, Pankaj Kumar, a gold appraiser at Sai Corporation in Delhi, received a wrong number call and began an affair with the caller. To support both his family and the woman, he siphoned over Rs 3 crore through fake gold loan accounts between 2019 and 2025, transferring Rs 90 lakh to her accounts. He was arrested on July 7; colleague S P Bansal is out on bail. The fraud was uncovered during an internal audit in August 2025.
Special Judge to Hear 20,000-Page CBI Chargesheet in NEET-UG Leak Case on Monday
On Monday, Special Judge Anu Grover Baliga will hear the CBI’s 20,000-page chargesheet in the NEET-UG 2026 paper leak case. Prime Minister Narendra Modi set up fast-track courts to address exam fraud following student protests. The court also handles other cases like the 2003 CAT leak affecting over 1.25 lakh candidates and the 2024 UGC NET closure report dispute, impacting more than 9 lakh candidates.
The Bronto Skylift of the Delhi Fire Services failed during a March
The Bronto Skylift of the Delhi Fire Services failed during a March 18 fire in Palam, killing nine people. The boom became entangled with cables and banners, and no backup equipment was available. A manual ladder could not reach the third-floor balcony. District Magistrate Mekala Chaitanya Prasad submitted findings to the Home department, blaming the MCD for allowing commercial activity on the first floor despite licensing restrictions. The report also highlighted untrained operators and maintenance lapses, recommending disciplinary actions and technical improvements. It was proposed to be placed before the Lieutenant Governor for consideration.
Tejaswin Shankar, India’s national record holder in Decathlon, finished second after five
Tejaswin Shankar, India’s national record holder in Decathlon, finished second after five events with 4339 points. Starting with a 10.96s in the 100m and accumulating 870 points, he was seventh. A personal best of 7.82m in long jump boosted his position to second with 1015 points. Shot put performance dropped him to fifth but high jump (2.15m) moved him back to second with 3502 points. In the 400m, he secured second place behind Damian Warner with a time of 49.51s.
MP Sanjay Kumar Jha Alleges Foreign Involvement in Protests
On Thursday, Sanjay Kumar Jha, a JD(U) MP, alleged foreign involvement in the Jantar Mantar protests during a discussion on the Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026. He cited a Malayalam channel report about Dubai-based businessmen facilitating protest participation. This triggered opposition from Kerala MPs like A A Rahim and John Brittas, who argued that Indian citizens have the right to protest. The Chair said it would examine Jha’s claims.
Sohini Ghosh Shifts Focus from Gujarat Riots to Constitutional Disputes in Delhi High Court
Sohini Ghosh, a Senior Correspondent at The Indian Express, moved from Ahmedabad to the New Delhi bureau in late 2025. Previously covering Gujarat, she now focuses on legal developments at the Delhi High Court, including constitutional disputes and human rights issues. She previously worked with ET NOW and covered major cases like those related to the 2002 riots and health segregation in hospitals. Her reporting style simplifies complex legal arguments for readers.
Vidya Balan Reveals Criticism at 26: Told She Wasn’t “Young Enough” for Roles
In an interview, Vidya Balan revealed that at 26, she faced criticism for not fitting Bollywood’s beauty standards and was told she wasn’t “young enough” for certain roles. This led to insecurity and weight gain. She later decided to prioritize her authenticity over external validation, leading to a successful career with empowered characters in films like Kahaani and Sherni.
India recommended to appoint Polar Ambassador and seek Arctic Council membership
The Parliamentary committee on External Affairs recommended India appoint a Polar Ambassador and seek full membership in the Arctic Council to enhance engagement. Currently, India is one of 13 observer countries without decision-making powers or direct research capabilities. The committee emphasized the need for polar diplomacy, especially involving Russia post-Ukraine conflict, and suggested accessing Russian Arctic Research Stations. It also recommended collaboration with Asian observers like Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, expanding the artic policy to include geopolitics and mineral extraction.
Bail Denied: Court Rejects Murder Suspect Goyal’s Second Bail Plea
Chandigarh district court dismissed Bharat Bhushan Goyal's second regular bail application on Thursday, ruling that the examination of a prosecution witness and filing of chargesheet did not justify his release. The court cited no substantial change in circumstances since his first bail plea was rejected. It noted the seriousness of murder allegations and ruled against granting bail despite defense arguments about fair investigation practices and lack of direct evidence linking Goyal to the crime.
At a review meeting on Thursday at the State Emergency Operation Centre
At a review meeting on Thursday at the State Emergency Operation Centre in Gandhinagar, chaired by Additional Chief Secretary Jayanti Ravi, officials cancelled leave for all in 13 rain-affected Gujarat districts and deployed Class I officers round-the-clock. The India Meteorological Department issued alerts predicting heavy rainfall from July 31 to August 2. Officials were directed to activate control rooms, deploy disaster management teams, and prepare relief shelters equipped with essentials.
On Thursday, thousands of migrants from Morocco swam into Spain’s territory
On Thursday, thousands of migrants from Morocco swam into Spain’s territory of Ceuta, overwhelming local resources and prompting Juan Jesús Vivas, the leader of Ceuta, to call for a national emergency. The border collapsed, with at least three deaths reported. While Madrid declined a national emergency request, Interior Minister Fernando Grande-Marlaska is set to visit Ceuta on Friday.
After five months of hostilities between the United States and Iran, Gulf
After five months of hostilities between the United States and Iran, Gulf Arab states are seeking China's economic leverage over Tehran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea, frustrated by America’s limitations. China, as the world’s largest oil buyer, has stepped up diplomatic efforts through Foreign Minister Wang Yi and special envoy Zhai Jun, aiming for a ceasefire despite Iran maintaining control over Hormuz.
Chandigarh Court Rejects Bail for Man Linked to Fake Modi Video
A Chandigarh court dismissed the second regular bail application of a Hyderabad-based man, Hassan Mohiduddin Siddiqui, 44, arrested for allegedly circulating a fake video linked to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on social media. The case was registered at Sector 26 police station on April 19 under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and Information Technology Act. Siddiqui’s counsel argued he had been falsely implicated and that similar posts by others faced no action, while the prosecution linked his account to the post and said it could incite communal disharmony. The court ruled bail was unwarranted due to serious allegations against Siddiqui.
Lovepreet Singh wins silver, misses gold by 1 kg in Commonwealth Games weightlifting
On the eighth day of the Commonwealth Games, Lovepreet Singh won silver in men’s 110+kg weightlifting with a combined lift of 388 kg. He was narrowly beaten by New Zealand’s David Andrew Liti who lifted 389 kg. This made India's ninth medal in weightlifting and para-weightlifting events, following Lovepreet’s progression from the 105 kg category to the +110 kg category where he previously achieved a personal best of 386 kg.
Calcutta High Court Questions Police Over Encounter of Accused in Child Rape Case
On Thursday, the Calcutta High Court sought a detailed report from the DSP Baruipur regarding the encounter of Prabhash Mondal, one of the accused in an 11-year-old girl's rape and murder. The court directed police to explain the circumstances leading to the encounter and steps taken by state authorities. Senior Advocate Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya challenged the police claim that Mondal had tried to escape after snatching a revolver during crime scene reconstruction, while Additional Advocate General Rajdeep Majumdar defended the police action. The next hearing is on August 18.
Floods in North Odisha Displace Nearly 2 Lakh People as Rivers Overflow
Sujit Bisoyi, a Special Correspondent with the Indian Express, reports that over seven lakh people have been affected by floods in north Odisha due to heavy rainfall. Nearly two lakh are being evacuated as rivers remain above danger levels. The state government is preparing compensation and releasing floodwater at Mundali in Cuttack to prevent medium-range flooding. Authorities are on high alert with rescue operations ongoing.
India’s Jaishankar Condemns Black Sea Attacks, Discusses Safety with Ukraine's Sybiha
On July 30, 2026, S Jaishankar, India’s External Affairs Minister, spoke with his Ukrainian counterpart Andrii Sybiha about the safety of Indian seafarers and condemned attacks on commercial shipping in the Black Sea. Attacks by both Russian and Ukrainian sides have killed several Indians over two weeks. Jaishankar emphasized dialogue for resolving conflicts and discussed global impacts on fuel, fertilizer, and food security.
Surat Powerloom Owners Demand Tax Waivers, Hit by Flood Losses of ₹10-15 Lakh
On Thursday, powerloom unit owners in Surat submitted a memorandum to Mayor Mayaben Mavani and Municipal Commissioner M Nagarajan, demanding property tax waivers for 2026-27 and 2027-28 due to flood damage. Floods on July 7-8 and July 22-23 submerged units, causing each owner losses of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 15 lakh. The Uma Industrial Society president Mahendrabhai Patel highlighted the financial strain from frequent floods over four years.
Young Sarpanch Lost Eye to Pellet Gun, Warns of Long Recovery for Injured Students
Davinder Singh Bhangu Shekhupuria, 24, lost his left eye in February 2024 when security forces used pellet guns during a farmers' protest at the Shambhu border. The injury ended his studies and caused emotional trauma. He warns students injured recently that their recovery will be long and painful, urging authorities to stop using pellet guns. Despite challenges, he was elected sarpanch in December 2025.
Sita’s Original Actress Defends Sai Pallavi, Ranbir in Controversial Ramayana Trailer
Dipika Chikhalia, who portrayed Sita in Ramanand Sagar’s television series, defended Sai Pallavi's casting as Sita and Ranbir Kapoor's role as Lord Ram after the trailer of Nitesh Tiwari’s Ramayana sparked debate. She praised their acting abilities and dismissed criticism, emphasizing actors should be free to take on diverse roles. The film, set for release in 2026 and 2027, has a reported Rs 4,000 crore budget.
Delhi to conduct door-to-door verification for Lakshmi Yojana eligibility
The Delhi government plans to conduct door-to-door verification for women eligible under the Delhi Lakshmi Yojana, which offers Rs 2,500 monthly assistance. Verification checks include having more than three children, being a resident and registered voter of Delhi, paying income tax, and meeting other criteria. The scheme aims to ensure transparency and reach needy beneficiaries while promoting family planning. Registration starts August 1, with disbursements beginning on Raksha Bandhan.
Kharge demands Shah's resignation over police action against students
On Thursday, the Rajya Sabha passed the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill, 2026, after a contentious debate. Mallikarjun Kharge, Leader of Opposition, demanded Amit Shah's resignation over police action against students and alleged government inaction on paper leaks since 2024. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister, defended the bill as a response to recent events, emphasizing stricter penalties. The opposition criticized the bill for not addressing root causes of leaks and demanded accountability for police actions.
Pune: Two-thirds of roads lack footpaths, 120 pedestrian deaths last year
In its 2025-26 Environment Status Report, Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) revealed that two-thirds of the city's roads lack footpaths and 90% of cycle tracks are substandard. The report cites a Supreme Court order making safe footpaths a fundamental right, highlighting concerns for women’s safety and travel patterns. With 120 pedestrian fatalities last year, an effective grievance redress system is critical but only 57% of complaints have been resolved.
Experienced Political Journalist Jatin Anand Analyzes Governance with 16 Years of Insight
Jatin Anand, an Assistant Editor with the national political bureau of The Indian Express, has over 16 years of experience covering high-stakes beats such as the Election Commission of India (ECI), national security, and urban development. He specializes in authoritative analysis of governance and politics, holding degrees from Zakir Husain Delhi College (DU) and the Asian College of Journalism (ACJ).
On Thursday, the International Cricket Council (ICC) unveiled the venues
On Thursday, the International Cricket Council (ICC) unveiled the venues for the 2027 ODI World Cup in Johannesburg. Twelve grounds across South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia were chosen: eight in South Africa including Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg, three in Zimbabwe, and one in Windhoek, Namibia. This marks the tournament's return to Africa after 24 years since it was last hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Kenya in 2003.
